Assessment of regional trade and virtual water flows in China

The success of China's economic development has left deep marks on resource availability and quality. Some regions in China are relatively poor with regards to water resources. This problem is exacerbated by economic growth. Flourishing trade activities on both domestic and international levels have resulted in significant amounts of water withdrawal and water pollution. Hence the goal of this paper is to evaluate the current inter-regional trade structure and its effects on water consumption and pollution via ‘virtual water flows’. Virtual water is the water embedded in products and used in the whole production chain, and that is traded between regions or exported to other countries. For this assessment of trade flows and effects on water resources, we have developed an extended regional input-output model for eight hydro-economic regions in China to account for virtual water flows between North and South China. The findings show that the current trade structure in China is not very favorable with regards to water resource allocation and efficiency. North China as a water scarce region virtually exports about 5% of its total available freshwater resources while accepting large amounts of wastewater for other regions' consumption. By contrast, South China a region with abundant water resources is virtually importing water from other regions while their imports are creating waste water polluting other regions' hydro-ecosystems.     

Linking scenarios across geographical scales in international environmental assessments

The development and analysis of scenarios or plausible futures has evolved to be a useful approach for dealing with uncertainty about future developments in a structured and integrated manner. Commonly, scenario exercises have focussed on processes at one specific geographic scale. Recently scenario-based approaches have also been used to address multi-scale processes or to link scenarios developed at various geographical scales with each other in order to better understand the interaction of processes across scales.The level of interconnectedness across scales will vary, and depends largely on the approaches used to develop multi-scale scenarios. We distinguish five levels of interconnectedness scenarios may display across scales: (a) Equivalent, (b) Consistent, (c) Coherent, (d) Comparable, and (e) Complementary. Furthermore, we describe five different types of coupled scenario development processes: (a) Joint, (b) Parallel, (c) Iterative, (d) Consecutive, and (e) Independent.Based on this nomenclature, the relationship between the level of interconnectedness of scenarios and the degree of coupling of scenario development processes across geographical scales is discussed. Which process is best suited and how much interconnectedness is needed, will depend both on the focal issue and the primary purpose of the scenario exercise, i.e. whether the aim is education, scientific exploration, or decision-support.     

基于TIS的我国乡村旅游地形象设计

本文引入TI(S旅游形象系统)这一现代旅游形象设计的先进理念和方法,从理念基础(MI)、行为准则(BI)、视觉形象(VI)、听觉形象(HI)和风情识别(FI)五个方面对我国乡村旅游地形象设计与塑造中存在的问题和不足进行了探讨,并提出了一些基本的思路和对策。     

中国农村社区公共物品投资的决定因素分析

本文使用具有全国代表性的抽样调查数据,对农村社区公共物品投资的决定因素进行了初步的分析。本文通过理论分析提出了两个理论假说,进而提出在我国公共投资中要注意的问题:既要考虑各地对公共投资有不同的需求,还要考虑区域协调发展。研究结果表明,除了一些政策因素以外,当地经济发展水平是影响农村公共投资的重要因素,一般来说,在工商业较发达的村公共投资活动也相对较多。对于外出务工人员较多的村,由于本地公共投资对外出务工人员的收入等作用较小,因此这部分村民就不那么愿意对村里进行公共投资。从政策实施角度看,本研究发现,上级政府的公共投资更多地投向贫困地区、偏远山区、农业生产条件差的地区或少数民族地区。这种投资战略有助于统筹区域发展,降低区域差异。     

2000～2018年乡村教师队伍建设研究热点与演化趋势研究

从CNKI数据库收录的2000—2018年文献中,筛选出2148篇"乡村教师队伍建设"领域相关文献,利用CiteSpace和SA-TI3.1软件,对样本文献外部特征、关键词共现、知识演进趋势与热点前沿展开知识图谱分析。首先,展示了乡村教师队伍建设研究现状,梳理了发展动态。其次,划分了"科学发展观""教师教育""特岗教师"和"义务教育管理体制"四大热点研究领域。在此基础上将乡村教师队伍建设研究分为3个演进阶段,并总结出"农村小规模学校""乡村教师专业发展""特岗教师"和"教师流动"四个方向为该领域的前沿热点。最后,分别从公费师范生、基础设施建设和乡村教师的幸福感等方面获得了一些启示。     

我国循环经济发展的思路和对策探究

本文从循环经济的起源、概念、理论基础、发展实践等方面分析了循环经济是一种深化的生态可持续发展理念模式，结合国内外发展循环经济的实践和我国的客观发展态势，分析了在我国发展循环经济的八个基本思路和五个关键对策。     

印度"第二次绿色革命"与中国"新农村建设"之比较研究

2005年中共中央明确提出要把社会主义新农村建设放到一个突出的重要位置,与我国国情颇为相似的印度也几乎在同一时间提出了类似的发展战略,即"第二次绿色革命(green revolution)",两者都是针对"三农"问题而进行.对于两者进行比较研究,可以加深理解"新农村建设"的含义、内容和实质,更好地认识"新农村建设"的前景.     

在西部民族地区完善财政生态补偿机制的对策建议

我国目前已经形成中央政府主导的对西部民族地区生态环境建设的财政补偿机制,但现行补偿机制具有很大的不稳定性、补偿不充足性、非长期高效性的特点,本文探讨如何为生态环境建设建立一种长效、稳定的兼容政府纵向和省区际间、流域间政府横向的财政补偿机制.     

中国农村金融体系的资金配置功能分析

按照金融功能观,资金配置是金融体系最重要的功能.中国农村金融体系未能有效地发挥资金配置功能,是因为过去的农村金融改革主要遵循金融机构观.金融机构观使得农村金融体系不能适应外部环境,从而也就不能满足农村经济发展的需要.     

对我国农村金融体制变革滞后问题的若干思考

我国农村金融体制的变革大幅度滞后于农村经济体制的变革,是一个时期以来社会经济体制当中各种矛盾相互交织而造成的必然结果,这一格局严重制约着农村经济的进一步发展,威胁着农业的国民经济基础地位。因此,当整体经济转型由“增量调整”进入“存量调整”阶段之后,应当均衡布局农村金融的改革与发展。