农地利用技术创新的类型与模式研究

农地利用技术是一个多层次的体系，它能在扩大耕地面积、提高土地利用率和耕地质量等多方面发挥重要作用。通过对“市场机制自发作用下的技术选择”和“政府引导下的技术选择”两种现实模式的探讨，认为技术创新具有外部性，土地利用更是具有明显的“外溢效应”，加上我国农业比较利益偏低和农地使用权流转市场发育不全带来的农地价格扭曲，常造成市场机制下技术创新的方向与资源稀缺状况不相符合的现象，从而带来资源配置的低效率。因此，适当的政府引导是必要的，也是有效的。     

Distribution Dynamics of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Emissions

This paper uses nonparametric methods to examine the convergence in CO₂ emissions per capita on a sample of 100 countries for the period 1966–1996. Industrial countries show a convergence pattern. However, there is little evidence of convergence for the whole sample.     

Bioenergy Crop Production in the United States: Potential Quantities, Land Use Changes, and Economic Impacts on the Agricultural Sector

The U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Energyjointly analyzed the economic potential for,and impacts of, large-scale bioenergy cropproduction in the United States. Anagricultural sector model (POLYSYS) wasmodified to include three potential bioenergycrops (switchgrass, hybrid poplar, and willow). At farmgate prices of US $2.44/GJ, anestimated 17 million hectares of bioenergycrops, annually yielding 171 million dry Mg ofbiomass, could potentially be produced at aprofit greater than existing agricultural usesfor the land. The estimate assumes highproductivity management practices are permittedon Conservation Reserve Program lands. Traditional crops prices are estimated toincrease 9 to 14 percent above baseline pricesand farm income increases annually by US $6.0billion above baseline.At farmgate prices of US $1.83/GJ, anestimated 7.9 million hectares of bioenergycrops, annually yielding 55 million dry Mg ofbiomass, could potentially be produced at aprofit greater than existing agricultural usesfor the land. The estimate assumes managementpractices intended to achieve highenvironmental benefits on Conservation ReserveProgram lands. Traditional crops prices areestimated to increase 4 to 9 percent abovebaseline prices and farm income increasesannually by US $2.8 billion above baseline.     

工业共生效益分析——以九发工业园为例

本文在深入阐述工业共生及其效益的基础上,以九发工业园为例,详细分析了涉农企业发展生态工业园带来的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益,指出涉农企业应立足农业特点,借鉴工业生态学原理,积极构建农工商结合的生态产业体系。     

农业产业化的路径转换:产业融合与产业集聚

我国农业产业化的进程正面临着重大的路径转换。在这一过程中,产业融合与产业集聚应运而生,通过产业融合形成新的产业形态,实现产业化农业;通过产业集聚加快农业产业化进程。     

Indigenous livelihoods, slash-and-burn agriculture, and carbon stocks in Eastern Panama

Improved crop–fallow systems in the humid tropics can simultaneously sequester atmospheric carbon emissions and contribute to sustainable livelihoods of rural populations. A study with an indigenous community in eastern Panama revealed a considerable biophysical potential for carbon offsets in small-scale slash-and-burn agriculture through longer fallow periods, improved fallow management, secondary forest development, and agricultural intensification. Based on soil and biomass carbon measurements, estimated annual sequestration rates amount to 0.3−3.7 t C ha^− 1 yr^− 1. Despite such potential, the economic benefits of initiatives aimed at sequestration of carbon in the community are likely to be rather unequally distributed within the community. Heterogeneity in livelihood strategies and uneven asset endowments among households – factors often overlooked in the ongoing carbon and sustainable development debate – are expected to strongly affect household participation. Indeed, only the better-endowed households that have also managed to diversify into more lucrative farm and non-farm activities are likely to be able to participate in and thus benefit from improved crop–fallow systems that capture carbon. Economic, ethical, institutional, and technical concerns need to be taken into account when designing community carbon management and investment plans.     

农业产业化经营中利益相关者关系、目标选择与实现方式

本文指出,农业产业化经营的利益相关者是农业价值创造和价值实现的重要影响因素,正确处理好利益相关者关系,有利于保障和提升农业利益,有利于农业价值创造与农业价值实现,这包括农户与龙头企业、政府、中介组织、合作经济组织以及龙头企业与协会之间的关系。农业产业化经营要以产业运作过程商品化、利益分配合理化等方式,实现农业价值创造最大化和农业价值分配最优化的农业产业化目标。     

建立河北省农业生态安全预警机制的理论探讨

目前,河北省农业生态系统整体呈不断恶化趋势,已成为影响建立农业强省的重要问题。为此,建立生态安全预警机制是必要而紧迫的。本文依据农业生态学原理、环境库兹涅兹曲线与生态安全耦合原理建立了农业生态安全的理论基础,并从观念、技术、政府作用与公众参与以及生态产权和资金投入方面进行了障碍性因素分析,最后提出了相应的对策措施。     

区域物流规划中的农业与农村物流问题探讨

提出了农业与农村物流的概念,并分析了其特点。在明确区域物流规划任务的基础上,指出农业与农村物流应该是区域物流规划的一个重要内容。从农业与农村物流和城市物流的关系、农业与农村物流规划的内容、农业与农村物流节点布局和农业与农村物流运作主体培育等四个方面论述了区域物流规划中农业与农村物流规划的思路,并简要论述了农业与农村物流规划的保障措施。