民国时期苏、浙、皖三省畜禽饲养数探讨

江苏、浙江、安徽是我国近代农村经济较发达地区，但其畜牧业究竟如何?所反映农村经济状况如何?问津者极少。笔者通过查阅大量资料，不仅对该三省民国时期畜禽饲养数统计资料进行汇集、整理和分析，对不合理的数据进行校正；而且还对这些畜禽饲养数统计资料进行初步分析，为我们进一步研究民国时期苏、浙、皖三省畜牧业及其农村经济发展奠定基础。     

基于Petri网的母鸡转舍业务流程建模优化研究

选择农牧养殖业中的母鸡转舍这一业务流程建立Petri网模型,并对模型进行分析计算,找出时间瓶颈,依据ECRS原则提出优化方案,利用流程周期时间指标评价优化前后流程的效率,比较表明该模型在农牧养殖业务流程优化中是非常有效的。     

刍议流浪动物侵权与投喂人赔偿责任—以北京流浪猫伤人案为例

近年来动物遗弃现象频发,流浪动物激增。好心人施以援手,好意行善,却面临法律的惩罚。2013年3月北京一法院判决,流浪动物侵权时投喂人需承担赔偿责任。投喂流浪动物被视为善举,但却被法律所否却。投喂人承担责任的法律基础为何?认定投喂人注意义务的标准又是什么?如果侵权责任成立,投喂人需要在多大范围内承担赔偿责任?本文结合这一真实案例,在我国《侵权责任法》的框架内检索适用于流浪动物侵权的规范基础,探讨该类案件的法律适用。     

西北特色农牧业可持续发展探讨*——以阿拉善盟为例

[目的]发展西北特色农牧业,充分利用当地特殊资源条件,增强西北农牧业综合生产能力,提高西北农牧业可持续发展水平。[方法]文章对西部农牧业整体分析和阿拉善盟特色农牧资源开发案例剖析。[结果]西北特色农牧业可持续发展亟需从模式创新、产业创新、体系创新以及完善理论和方法上寻找突破口,合理谋划应对方略。[结论]西北特色农牧业在发展过程中要通过发展高效生态科技构建以生物农牧业和物理农牧业为主体的现代生态农牧业模式,按照资源节约型、环境友好型、生态保育型"三型农牧业"发展要求,形成动静脉产业联合体,创新农牧业产业可持续发展方式。     

美国突发动物疫情应急管理对中国的启示

我国已将突发动物疫情纳入应急管理范畴,也形成了基本的应急管理机制,但还不够完善,在实践中仍存在问题。文章介绍了美国在动物疫情应急管理、动物防疫、动物疫情预警预报以及兽医管理体系的做法,认为我国可借鉴美国的成功经验。     

农牧结合型草原畜牧业发展模式探索——以新疆为例

新疆拥有丰富的草地资源,广袤草原之中穿插分布着大量的灌溉绿洲,有得天独厚的农牧结合条件。本文在农牧结合草原畜牧业发展模式的内涵界定基础上,结合新疆草原畜牧业和种植业发展实际,论证了可供选择的农牧结合方式,并对农牧结合型草原畜牧业集约化经营进行了设计,最后,提出了相应的支持条件与保障措施。本文对新疆草原畜牧业发展的体制机制创新和草原资源可持续利用,具有一定的决策参考价值。     

Australian Exports of Horticultural Crops with Special Reference to Fresh Citrus Fruits

Abstract

Exports of horticultural products, in particular fresh citrus fruits, are becoming increasingly important in terms of export earnings for Australia. However, Australian fresh citrus exports account for about 12 per cent of the total production of citrus. About 57 per cent of total exports is sold on Asian markets. The purpose of this study is to examine the problems and prospects for fresh citrus exports on world markets and, in particular, in the Asian region. The findings of the study reveal that higher freight and labour costs have made Australian citrus less competitive on world markets. Thus, producers have an incentive to sell over 80 percent of the total production of citrus on domestic markets. However, there is scope for greater market opportunities in the Asia-Pacific region for Australian fresh citrus fruits. Australia should increase the yield per tree, improve the quality of citrus fruits and identify the need for market promotion and research in order to increase the volume of citrus exports on world markets, especially in the Asia-Pacific region.     

Wildlife tourism in Latin America: taxonomy and conservation status

Abstract

We provide an initial insight into the extent, occurrence and characteristics of wildlife tourism involving close interactions with free-ranging, non-domesticated, animals outside of formal captive environments across Latin America. Using information provided online via TripAdvisor, we found this type of tourism was occurring across the region (advertised on 249 wildlife tourist attraction webpages across 21 countries) and involved a diverse range of wild animals (73 species, including 19 currently considered as threatened by the IUCN). Opportunities for direct contact with wild animals were particularly prevalent (54% of all surveyed webpages). Despite the potential economic benefits, studies have indicated that these types of ecotourism are potentially having net negative impacts on wildlife conservation and welfare. Mammals classified as Least Concern featured most commonly in tourist photos, but our analyses suggest that mammals and species classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List were most likely to occur in these types of wildlife tourist attractions (WTAs). Amphibians and species classified on the IUCN Red List as Data Deficient or Critically Endangered were least likely. Given the growing nature of the wildlife tourism sector, we provide recommendations to help effectively balance and manage wider wildlife protection goals and growing tourist interest in wildlife.     

High animal welfare standards in the EU and international trade – How to prevent potential ‘low animal welfare havens’?

Future costs of compliance with obligatory animal welfare standards in the EU for poultry and egg production are significant and may lead to relocation of production to third countries. After an overview of different rationales for complementary policies to prevent relocation, this article systematically compares such policies. Some policies, like multilateral agreements and labelling, may be supporting, but may not be able to prevent relocation comprehensively. Compensatory payments to domestic producers, in contrast, are effective but disadvantage third country producers that comply with equivalent standards. Therefore, tariff discrimination may be a better alternative. A major drawback of tariff discrimination, however, is its severe institutional requirements. Future research questions include quantification of potential relocation as well as transaction costs of various complementary policies.     

WTO与中国动物福利保护法的建设

基于环境保护和公共道德建设的考虑,WTO把与动物贸易有关的动物福利保护纳入了其规则体系。动物福利保护规则对WTO各成员的动物福利保护法的建设产生了一些影响。文章在对中国动物福利保护法建设的必要性进行阐述后,对建设的基本要求和包括适用范围的扩大、立法目的的突破、管理体制的调整、基本原则的创新、制度体系的重构在内的建设措施进行了分析和探讨。