An experimental investigation of valuation change due to commonality in vertical product line extension

Commonality in product line design refers to using identical product features or modules in multiple products. The use of commonality in product line extensions is a growing practice in many industries. We consider vertical product line extensions to lower- and higher-end products, and study the effects of identical feature levels on consumers' evaluation of original products. Using a between-subject experimental design, we examine the effect of commonality using the bicycle as the example product. This experiment is then extended to eight different service and manufactured products. Results show that in many cases identical feature levels increase the perceived similarity between original and extension products. This influences the valuation of original products: valuation of the original low-end product increases while valuation of the original high-end product decreases. However, the amount of valuation change is not necessarily the same for the original low- and high-end products. This valuation change occurs regardless of buyers' knowledge level of the product and is sometimes moderated by a large difference in a differentiated feature.
This study suggests the importance of accounting for the demand-side effect of commonality in product design decisions. Change in customers' valuation may call for an adjustment in price—the price of a high-end product may have to be lowered due to valuation discount, and the price of a low-end product could be raised to take advantage of valuation premium. This change in valuation does not occur for every feature in every product. Therefore, by properly selecting the features that are identical, a firm may be able to take advantage of valuation premium without sacrificing valuation discount and enjoy the economies of scale in manufacturing and logistics due to commonality.     

目的地熟悉度对游客满意度评价及忠诚度的影响--以黄山风景区为例

文章以黄山风景区为例,使用结构方程模型法、K-Means聚类法与单因素方差法分析了旅游目的地熟悉度维度与程度对游客满意度评价与忠诚度的影响,发现信息熟悉的影响力远大于经历熟悉,而熟悉程度保持在较高水平时游客的满意度评价与忠诚度会更高,即在中国旅游产业发展背景下游客对目的地的熟悉程度还远没有达到“U”形的拐点水平。     

我国不同等级、不同区位城市医院的经营绩效比较研究

本文利用分类变量的数据包络分析法（DEA with Categorical Vailables）和数据包络分析法的产出导向模型（BCC模型）对我国26个省市的392家城市二级以上医院2004年和2005年的经营效率进行了分析与比较。分类DEA模型的研究结果表明．不同等级医院之间存在效率差异：高等级医院效率反而最低,低等级医院效率反而最高,这个结论与BCC模型得出的结论完全不同。这一结论揭示出我国医院经营中存在的两个制度性问题：一是我国医院等级评审制度的无效性;二是医院在经营过程中存在严重的资源浪费。然而．对于不同地区医院效率的评价,两种模型结果相似：东部地区医院经营效率高于中部和西部地区。     

财政风险层次论

市场经济中各种风险的合理配置对经济的有效运行是十分重要的。而在我们以往的经济分析中往往容易忽略这一问题。财政作为公共风险的最终承担,其承担的程度与整个制度结构密切相关。本从我国正处于经济体制转轨时期这一实际出发,以国民经济运行过程中的各种风险对财政造成影响的可能性和财政应承担的程度为标准,将财政风险划分为三个层次,逐一进行分析并提出相应的防范措施。     

基于产业梯度的广东省转移产业选择研究

区域间梯度转移是区域经济合作的一种趋势,广东省经济异常活跃,但其产业梯度明显,珠三角更是重要人口和社会经济活动的聚集地带,产业转移作为客观经济现象,珠三角向粤东西北地区产业梯度转移,是实现广东省协同发展的有效途径,产业转移必然要进行转移产业的选择,选取广东省工业部门为分析对象,引入产业梯度系数和产业动态聚集指数分析珠三角转出产业与粤东西北承接产业的选择,对比政府产业转移政策,从中得到相关启示,为政府的产业转移与承接提供参考。     

带自适应Lasso罚的科技人才流动多水平模型研究

随着高水平科技人才竞争日益激烈，科技人才流动受到全球政治、经济、文化和地理等诸多因素的影响。对于不同的经济体，筛选不同水平下影响科技人才流动的关键因素，并估计出这些因素的影响程度，成为颇具价值的研究课题。在真实数据中，由于变量数量众多、数据存在缺失、不同经济体影响因素差异较大，现有模型面临诸多挑战。本文通过利用带自适应Lasso罚的分位数回归，构建缺失数据插补后的科技人才流动模型，以刻画不同分位数水平下全球各经济体科技人才流动的重要影响因素，以期为政府及相关部门提供决策参考。     

Heterogeneity in preferences for redistribution and public spending: A cross-country analysis

Political coordination and policy outcomes may be the result not only of the position of the ‘median voter’ in a political scale but also of the heterogeneity of preferences around the median. Depending on the level of government and the type of policy, such heterogeneity may lead to lower public spending and redistribution. We assess this issue empirically by analyzing the relationship between the distribution of preferences for redistribution and the amount of public expenditure at different levels of government and for several types of spending in 23 European countries. Our results suggest a negative and significant correlation between heterogeneity of preferences for redistribution and public spending that is stronger at the local level and for redistributive functions, independent of the median individual's preferences.     

进一步创新民营经济政策的路径研究

当前,民营经济在发展中存在着经营环境不够宽松,发展资金短缺,科技创新制约因素较多等突出问题。为进一步加快民营经济发展步伐,应当放宽行业准入领域,落实税收优惠政策;加强投资与发展指导,进一步提升产业层次;创新金融体制机制,拓宽直接融资渠道;整合创新要素资源,提升企业科技创新能力。     

热能与动力工程专业英语分层次教学模式的探讨

在热能与动力工程专业英语教学中,由于学生的英语水平参差不齐,教师应因材施教,实施分层教学,调动学生学习兴趣,激发学生自主学习的动机,提高教学质量。     

财经院校商务英语教学之探讨

中国即将加入WTO。入世后我国的进出口贸易将会有飞跃式的发展，因此会需要更多的复合型商务英语人才。本文针对财经院校商务英语教学的特点作了一些探讨，如商务英语专业人才的培养模式及定位、商务英语教学的三个要素和三个层次理论等，最后对财经院校商务英语学科建设等方面提出了一些建议和措施。