OFDI逆向技术溢出能够改善中国能源效率吗

从理论和实证两个层面考察了OFDI逆向技术溢出对中国能源效率的影响。采用2002—2016年中国30个(非全部)省(直辖市、自治区)的面板数据，运用DEA博弈交叉效率模型测算了碳排放约束下各省(直辖市、自治区)能源效率的现状。选取技术进步、产业结构等7类控制变量，采用动态面板GMM方法分析了OFDI逆向技术溢出与区域能源效率之间的动态关系。研究表明：OFDI逆向技术溢出对区域能源效率具有显著的正向促进作用，其每增加1%，将带来能源效率0.0613%的提升；在其他控制变量中，技术进步、产业结构优化、能源结构优化、外商直接投资对能源效率具有正向促进作用，城镇化水平对能源效率具有负向抑制作用，人力资本水平与对外开放度对能源效率具有正向促进作用，但不显著。以上发现为“一带一路”背景下区域节能减排政策的制定提供了经验证据。     

Technological change in energy systems: Learning curves, logistic curves and input-output coefficients

Learning curves have recently been widely adopted in climate-economy models to incorporate endogenous change of energy technologies, replacing the conventional assumption of an autonomous energy efficiency improvement. However, there has been little consideration of the credibility of the learning curve. The current trend that many important energy and climate change policy analyses rely on the learning curve means that it is of great importance to critically examine the basis for learning curves. Here, we analyse the use of learning curves in energy technology, usually implemented as a simple power function. We find that the learning curve cannot separate the effects of price and technological change, cannot reflect continuous and qualitative change of both conventional and emerging energy technologies, cannot help to determine the time paths of technological investment, and misses the central role of R&D activity in driving technological change. We argue that a logistic curve of improving performance modified to include R&D activity as a driving variable can better describe the cost reductions in energy technologies. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the top-down Leontief technology can incorporate the bottom-up technologies that improve along either the learning curve or the logistic curve, through changing input-output coefficients. An application to UK wind power illustrates that the logistic curve fits the observed data better and implies greater potential for cost reduction than the learning curve does.     

湖南怀化市河西新区市场群落发展研究

通过对湖南怀化市河西新区市场群落发展现状的调查考察,揭示了市场群落形成的动力机制,包括体制环境与路径依赖机制、区位优势与区域功能导向机制、政府扶持与政策优惠的加速机制、民营资本争利于市的驱动机制、外来经商人员和知名厂商的激活机制、产销一体化互动机制。针对区域整体规划滞后、市场重复建设、划行归市不甚理想、市场开发的房地产化趋势、投资环境欠佳等主要问题,提出了改善投资环境和经营环境、形成各部门协同发展合力,吸引经营大户和知名厂商进驻市场、培植市场主体商户,关注市场新变化、拓展新业态、发掘新空间,加强产销衔接、推进工贸一体化,强化市场人才培育等对策建议。     

Theory and practice of monetary policy

Summary. We consider an optimally managed renewable resource with stochastic non-concave growth function. We characterize the conditions under which the optimal policy leads to global extinction, global conservation and the existence of a safe standard of conservation. Our conditions are specified in terms of the economic and ecological primitives of the model: the biological growth function, the welfare function, the distribution of shocks and the discount rate. Our results indicate that, unlike deterministic models, extinction and conservation in stochastic models are not determined by a simple comparison of the growth rate and the discount rate; the welfare function plays an important role.Received: 20 October 2004, Revised: 28 February 2005, JEL Classification Numbers: D90, O11, O41, Q32.Santanu Roy: Correspondence toResearch on this paper was completed when the second author visited Cornell University in July, 2003. We thank the Center for Analytic Economics and the Department of Economics at Cornell University for making this research visit possible. The current version has gained considerably from the comments made by an anonymous referee.     

基于产品生命周期的物流系统动态规划研究

由于在产品不同生命周期阶段市场竞争具有不同的特征,因此企业采取的市场战略也有较大的差别。应用物流系统的动态评价方法,研究了有效支撑企业产品市场竞争战略的物流系统应该具有的关键性特征,并在此基础上分析了如何组织企业内外部的物流资源,使得物流系统成本最小化的动态规划问题。     

湖南城市竞争力的动态比较

文章首先阐述了城市竞争力动态比较的研究意义和具体途径,然后选取了适当的指标体系和分析年代,并建立了动态比较的计量数学模型,运用因子分析法对湖南省14个城市竞争力进行了动态的测算和分析。分析结果表明:湖南城市竞争力呈现出明显的非均衡发展特点;各城市在近5年内竞争力增长的趋势和幅度均有所不同;湖南城市竞争力水平与其增长能力具有显著的正相关性。     

Implementation of land and ecosystem accounts at the European Environment Agency

The European Environment Agency has started the implementation of a programme of land use and ecosystem accounts, following the System of Environmental and Economic Accounts (SEEA) guidelines of the United Nations. The purpose is to integrate information across the various ecosystem components and to support further assessments and modelling of these components and their interactions with economic and social developments. This programme reflects the increasing demand for environmental policy integration in Europe, both vertically through thematic policies as well as horizontally across policies in those sectors that contribute most to environmental impacts. The construction of land and ecosystem accounts is now feasible due to continuous improvements in monitoring, collecting and processing data and progress with the development of statistical methods that facilitate data assimilation and integration. The accounts are based on explicit spatial patterns provided by comprehensive land cover accounts that can be scaled up and down using a 1 km² grid to any type of administrative region or ecosystem zone (e.g., river basin catchments, coastal zones or bio-geographic areas). Land cover accounts have been produced for 24 countries in Europe and first results published in the European Environment State and Outlook2005 report of the EEA.¹     

A longitudinal study of supply organizational change

This research examines the high level of change in supply organizations of large North American companies using data collected from 51 large North American supply organizations in 1987, 1995 and 2003. Analysis is supplemented by an additional 55 companies for which data were collected in 1995 and 2003. The availability of longitudinal data from individual companies over a 16-year period provided a unique opportunity to trace changes made to each company's supply organizational structure and their roles and responsibilities. Findings suggest that the respondents made major changes in supply organizational structure, supply chain responsibilities, use of purchasing teams, supply involvement in major corporate activities (MCA) and CPO reporting line, title and background.     

Important Intermediate Transactions and Multi-sectoral Modelling

For the maintenance and development of a disaggregated econometric model, the present paper deals with some aspects related to the identification of important intermediate transactions. First, some methodological aspects related to earlier works are discussed. By comparing the properties of different selection methods based on the recent West German input–output table, the calculations confirm the common finding that the necessary level of endogenization can be bounded meaningfully by an a priori investiga tion of the intersectoral transactions. This is also valid if the selection method considers restrictions that deal with the consistence of input–output tables and if some broader error criteria are applied. The main result of the empirical applications seems to be that some attention should be paid to temporal changes of important coefficients.     

Affection not affliction: The role of emotions in information systems and organizational change

Most IS research in both the technical/rational and socio-technical traditions ignores or marginalizes the emotionally charged behaviours through which individuals engage in, and cope with the consequences of, IS practice and associated organizational change. Even within the small body of work that engages with emotions through particular conceptual efforts, affections are often conceived as a phenomenon to be eradicated – an affliction requiring a cure. In this paper, I argue that emotions are always implicated in our lived experiences, crucially influencing how we come to our beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong. I draw from the theoretical work of Michel Foucault to argue for elaborating current notions of IS innovation as a moral and political struggle in which individuals’ beliefs and feelings are constantly tested. Finally, I demonstrate these ideas by reference to a case study that had considerable emotional impact, and highlight the implications for future work.