经济快速发展地区农业土地利用变化驱动机制研究--以无锡市东亭镇、安镇镇和羊尖镇为例

以长江三角洲地区无锡市东亭镇、安镇镇和羊尖镇为例，通过应用德尔菲法和主成分分析法选择农地利用变化影响因素的基础上，构建了区域农业土地利用变化的驱动模型，并据此着重分析了区域农地数量变化与区域经济发展、城市化水平、农业集约化、城市(上海市)辐射力以及耕地保护政策变化之间的相互关系。研究结果表明，区域农业土地利用变化是上述因素综合作用的结果，并且在不同的乡镇，农地数量变化的驱动因素是有所差异的，而且区域社会经济发展的不同时期，各驱动因素的重要程度也是动态变化的。最后，作者就经济快速发展地区农业土地可持续利用管理提出若干政策建议，合理保护农地尤其是耕地资源；重视耕地质量占补平衡；依据农业产业发展态势，积极调整农地利用结构；推进非农产业升级，合理控制非农用地规模；进一步完善土地利用的经济约束机制和土地利用决策体系；加强区域合作，避免产业结构的趋同导致的土地利用结构的趋同；促进产业科技进步，提高土地利用占用效率。     

The damage costs of climate change toward more comprehensive calculations

It is argued that estimating the damage costs of a certain benchmark climate change is not sufficient. What is needed are cost functions and confidence intervals. Although these are contained in the integrated models and their technical manuals, this paper brings them into the open in order to stimulate discussion. After briefly reviewing the benchmark climate change damage costs, region-specific cost functions are presented which distinguish tangible from intangible losses and the losses due to a changing climate from those due to a changed climate. Furthermore, cost functions are assumed to be quadratic, as an approximation of the unknown but presumably convex functions. Results from the damage module of the integrated climate economy modelFUND are presented. Next, uncertainties are incorporated and expected damages are calculated. It is shown that because of convex loss functions and right-skewed uncertainties, the risk premium is substantial, calling for more action than analysis based on best-guess estimates. The final section explores some needs for further scientific research.     

Combining biodiversity modeling with political and economic development scenarios for 25 EU countries

In the EURURALIS project, a chain of models was used to predict the changes in sustainable development indicators for European human well-being, ecology and economy issues, for four alternative scenarios of the future socio-economic development. This paper describes the biodiversity analysis of the project. Models based on general relationships between environmental factors and biodiversity loss were combined with socio-economic, land-use and environmental models to derive data that were integrated into an interactive tool for policy makers. The biodiversity analysis takes into account the effects of land-use change, climate change, fragmentation by major roads, area of unfragmented patches, nitrogen deposition, forestry and disturbance. Results show that biodiversity is projected to decrease between now and 2030 in most countries for all scenarios, indicating that it is unlikely that the EU will be able to fulfill its commitment to stop biodiversity loss by 2010. This is mainly due to urbanization and increase in stress factors, and outweighs the area increase of nature arising from land abandonment. Merits, limitations and uncertainties of this approach to biodiversity assessment are discussed.     

Multinational firms, international trade and international telecommunications

The study analyses the determinants of international telephone, telex, telegram and leased lines communication between the United States and 46 countries. It focusses on the role of multinational firms, international trading firms and new information technologies within the framework of the theory of transaction costs.Results of the econometric estimates suggest that: (a) technological conditions of telecommunication infrastructure, i.e., international diffusion lags of new information technologies, play an important role in the explanation of international telephone and telex telecommunication flows but not in the demand for telegraph and leased lines, (b) multinational firms use international telecommunication to reduce the coordination costs and are strong customers of leased lines and telephones, but less so of telex and telegrams, (c) international trading firms exhibit less clear preferences in the use of the different media to reduce transaction costs.     

基于GIS的露天煤矿区土地动态变化分析

本文选用1985年和2005年两期土地利用现状图,借助MAPGIS软件,采用单一土地利用动态度和综合土地利用动态度等指数模型,分析了安太堡露天煤矿1985～2005年土地利用类型的数量变化和空间变化特征。结果表明:(1)各类土地利用类型综合动态度为2.07%;(;2)安太堡露天煤矿20年来各类土地利用类型的增减在空间上存在快速的变化,通过统计分析显示,灌木林地、工业用地、裸土地增加迅速,而旱地、未成林地大幅度减少;(3)安太堡露天煤矿空间动态演变特点为空间扰动剧烈、地类变化明显、空间变化持续时间长。     

区域经济差异动态分析与协调发展研究——以湖南西部地区为例

对区域经济相对差异和绝对差异及相关指标进行计算,并从时间特征和空间特征两方面研究湖南西部地区内部经济差异问题,可以发现,该区域内部具有较显著的区域经济差异和圈层结构差异,其经济差异类型界于金字塔型模式和橄榄型模式之间,对此研究对于区域经济协调发展具有较为现实的指导作用。     

不确定性情况下的居民资产组合行为与中国金融结构变迁

转轨经济的一个显著特点是各项制度不断变化,制度变迁带来的不确定性对居民资产选择行为产生重要影响,进而影响和决定了金融结构的形成与变迁.     

泰国城市化过程及其启示

20世纪60年代以来,泰国经济迅速发展,但城市化的进程却相对滞后.由于历史、政策以及政治体制等多方面原因,泰国在城市化过程中出现了城乡发展不协调、城市规模等级体系畸形化、贫民窟等严重的城市问题.泰国城市化过程的经验和教训对如何实现城乡协调和可持续发展具有重要的借鉴意义.对于发展中国家城市化而言,政府更应该重视优化城市层级,赋予城市一定的自治权,尊重农民的地方性知识并努力缩小城乡教育水平的差距.     

我国企业合同管理问题剖析

在经济全球化环境下,合同管理的重要性日益凸现。但我国企业合同管理现状存在基础管理工作不健全、流程管理控制不力、忽视合同动态管理,合同管理人员数量等问题。基于此,文中提出:树立全员风险意识,形成全员风险防范的企业文化;加强合同管理的归口管理和全过程动态管理;夯实合同管理基础工作,使企业合同管理规范化和科学化。     

企业边界:基于动态效率的分析

企业边界是企业理论关注的一个焦点,不同的理论分支对之有不一样的见解.本文在批判了新制度经济学中用边际交易成本解释企业边界论的基础上,从企业的知识、能力出发,按照动态效率标准对企业边界提出了自己的看法,即企业依据自身情况制定的发展战略是影响企业边界的重要因素.