社会固定投资与居民福利量化关系模型分析

固定资本投资是流动资本投资的前提和基础，也是整个社会经济规模扩张与发展所必须依赖的重要物质基础。现期厂商的固定资本投资会直接导致本期总需求的增加，在保持总供求平衡的前提下，政府本期的调控货币投放规模将会相应减小，从而影响本期社会弱势居民的福利水平。     

浙江需“中端崛起,高端突破”

浙江经济总量虽居全国第四,但是,浙江的产业经济主体,主要集中在传统制造业,而且是以中小企业为主体,而这种特征,决定了浙江的产业升级,长路漫漫。所谓,浙江未来的产业发展,首先是实现目前的中小企业的升级换代,从低附加值的产业,过渡到大众产业,从产业链的最低端,延伸到中端。     

改进国际经济与贸易专业实践性教学的思考

目前,我国地方财经类院校国际经济与贸易专业实践教学环节都比较薄弱,培养出的学生实际操作能力较差,难以达到社会要求,在一定程度上影响了学生的就业。本文就目前国际经济与贸易专业实践性教学存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了改进本专业实践性教学的有效途径以及需要关注的几个问题。     

美国国家公园公益性建设的启示

通过对美国国家公园管理体系、理念的介绍,并结合实际,指出了在中国国家公园建设中应体现出公益性特征。现阶段应通过对各类景区门票价格的适度控制来体现公益性,并逐渐对现有景区管理制度进行整合,最终取消景区属地管理,建立国家公园制度,实行国家公园与地方公园两级遗产管理体系,最终促使各类遗产景观门票价格设置在合理水平,保障公民的游览权益,体现其公益性。     

从区域经济一体化看澳门的产业发展对策

本文从澳门特区产业发展的现状入手,对区域经济一体化背景下澳门的产业发展方向进行分析,给出相应的对策建议。     

Executive Compensation: A Model of Disclosure Choice

Recent public policy debates have led to increased calls for full transparency of executive compensation. However, in practice, many firms are reluctant to disclose the full details of how they link executive compensation to performance. One possible reason for lack of full disclosure is that managers use their power to hide the details of their compensation plan in order to disguise opportunistic rent extraction. If this is the reason for secrecy, then public policy designed to force firms to provide full disclosure is unlikely to be resisted by shareholders. However, another possible explanation for less than full transparency is that some degree of secrecy about executive compensation may be in the interest of the company and its shareholders. If this explanation is correct, then public policy moves to increase transparency may be met by counter moves designed to protect managers and shareholders from such policies. In this paper we investigate if full disclosure of executive compensation arrangements is always optimal for shareholders. We develop a model where optimal executive remuneration solves a moral hazard problem. However, the degree to which the moral hazard problem affects the shareholders depends on hidden information, so that disclosure of the executive compensation scheme will typically reveal the hidden information, which can be harmful to shareholders. The model derives, therefore, the optimal disclosure policy and the optimal remuneration scheme. We find that the shareholders are better off pre‐committing not to disclose the executive compensation scheme whenever possible. Executive directors are shown to be better off too in the absence of disclosure of executive compensation schemes. An argument for mandating disclosure is that it provides better information to shareholders but our analysis demonstrates that disclosure does not necessarily achieve this objective. The results suggest that less than full disclosure can be in the interest of shareholders, the reason for this being that disclosures cannot be made selectively to shareholders but will also be made to strategic opponents. This will be the case if the board of directors and the remuneration committee includes enough independent directors. Whether or not non‐disclosure to shareholders is in their interest is however an empirical matter involving a trade‐off between the proprietary costs associated with disclosure to shareholders and the costs of potential collusion between executive and non‐executive directors associated with non‐disclosure.     

Business incomes in rural Nicaragua: the role of household resources,location, experience and trust

This paper analyses the determinants of business income for rural households in Nicaragua. A sample of 1030 households was studied in order to assess the importance of material and behavioural factors that influence income from business activity. The households are involved in manufacturing, trade, services or have a mixture of businesses. They generally have a low income and asset value. Households supplement their income from wages and agricultural activities. To estimate non-farm business income per employed person we analyse the impact of resources, location, entrepreneurial experience and trust. Our results show that household resources and entrepreneurial experience are significant determinants for business income in all sectors. Trust is also important, particularly generalized trust. The contribution of other forms of trust, such as institutional trust, depends on the sector in which households participate.     

Self-reliance and participation of the poor in the development process in the Third World

A self-reliant approach to Third World economic development provides a new orientation in development strategy. Its central emphasis is on meeting the basic needs of the poor and in encouraging them to participate in the development process. The author argues that this participative process is not only the answer to Third World problems but also a global necessity.