上市商业银行利率风险实证分析

本文以16家上市商业银行在2007～2011年的年报数据为基础,运用RSG模型进行了横向分析与纵向比较,得出我国国有控股商业银行在规避利率风险方面落后于新兴股份制银行,倾向于延续原来的融资缺口状况,并且存在＂短借长贷＂问题,致使其在利率波动中蒙受较大损失,而部分股份制银行灵活运用缺口管理策略值得借鉴。     

中美银行业员工报酬业绩敏感度比较研究

金融危机之后,银行业员工过高的薪酬水平,引发社会各界的多方质疑,本文试图对不同制度背景下中美银行业员工报酬业绩敏感度进行比较研究。我们发现:两国银行业员工绩效报酬机制存在显著差异,美国银行业员工薪酬与公司绩效呈显著正相关关系,而我国银行业员工薪酬与公司绩效相关性较弱,需要进一步完善银行业报酬激励机制。     

Poverty Orderings

This paper reviews the literature of partial poverty orderings. Partial poverty orderings require unanimous poverty rankings for a class of poverty measures or a set of poverty lines. The need to consider multiple poverty measures and multiple poverty lines arises inevitably from the arbitrariness inherent in poverty comparisons. In the paper, we first survey the ordering conditions of various individual poverty measures for a range of poverty lines; for some measures necessary and sufficient conditions are identified while for others only some easily verifiable sufficient conditions are established. These ordering conditions are shown to have a close link with the stochastic dominance relations which are based on the comparisons of cumulative distribution functions. We then survey the ordering conditions for various classes of poverty measures with a single or a set of poverty lines; in all cases necessary and sufficient conditions are established. These conditions again rely on the stochastic dominance relations or their transformations. We also extend the relationship between poverty orderings and stochastic dominance to higher orders and explore the possibility and the conditions of increasing the power of poverty orderings beyond the second degree dominance condition.     

Ecosystem services–biodiversity relationships depend on land use type in floodplain agroecosystems

Managing agricultural floodplains to meet present and future human requirements without jeopardizing biodiversity conservation is a challenge for land use planners and ecologists. This paper aims to disentangle the relationships between ecosystem services and biodiversity in multifunctional landscapes, such as floodplain agroecosystems, by disaggregating their values across land use types. We measured eight ecosystem services (gas regulation, soil formation, nutrient regulation, habitat provision, food provision, raw materials production, education, and recreation) and six plant diversity indexes (richness, abundance, and true diversity for both plant species and growth forms) in seven land use types identified in the floodplain of the River Piedra (Spain). We observed that all land use types provided services to some extent, but each one was better at providing certain services. Natural or semi-natural habitats provided more services and hosted greater diversity than cultivated land use types. In addition, five diversity indexes were strongly correlated to at least three ecosystem services each one. Habitat provision and education were the ecosystem services positively correlating to most diversity indexes, whereas food provision was negatively correlated to all diversity indexes. Moreover, analyzing the interactions between ecosystem services and biodiversity across land use types, we observed that land use type was the controlling factor regarding the sign and significance of the interaction. The results of this study suggest that, in floodplains agroecosystems, a mosaic landscape of different land use types helps support ecosystem services and contributes to maintaining biodiversity while using local resources. Such land use policies might manage agricultural floodplains at the landscape scale while still being able to accommodate specific measures for each land use type. Moreover, riparian forests should be preserved and restored across the floodplain as they are hot spots for biodiversity and ecosystem services provision.     

图牧吉春季白枕鹤觅食生境初步研究

白枕鹤属国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物,研究鹤类与湿地的关系,可对鹤类的保护提供依据;对图牧吉自然保护区白枕鹤的觅食生境进行了研究;利用样方法对白枕鹤觅食地的植被类型、植被高度、植被密度、植被盖度、水深等进行了测量;白枕鹤最佳觅食地的植被类型主要是以芦苇和苔草为主,植被高度为10～30cm,植被密度200～300棵/□,植被盖度低于50%;对其保护提出了建议.     

速生丰产林经营经济效益敏感性分析

在建设项目经营效益评价体系中,对项目进行敏感性分析是评价项目经济效益的一个重要指标。根据林分的解析木材料和相应的林业技术经济指标,采用净现值法测算林木资产经营收益值,利用敏感性原理分析了不同因子对森林资源经营决策的反应灵敏度,识别风险大小,提出经营对策。分析结果表明:木材价格对杉木林经营经济效益的敏感度最强,其次为经营成本和林业税费,而营林成本、折现率和林地地租的敏感度不高。     

青龙满族自治县生态敏感性评价及区划

[目的]通过生态敏感性评价,可以确定优先发展区域以及重点保护区域,其结果是制定土地利用规划和生态功能区划的基础。[方法]文章以青龙满族自治县为研究对象,结合实际选取了土壤侵蚀敏感性、沙漠化敏感性和生境敏感性3个评价因子,在单因子敏感性评价的基础上,根据"木桶原理"运用GIS工具进行生态敏感性综合评价,并按评价结果进行敏感性等级分区。[结果]青龙满族自治县极敏感性区域主要分布在都山林场、八道河乡、祖山镇、马圈子镇西北部、凉水河乡东部、肖营子镇东北部、七道河乡东部以及草碾乡与官场乡紧邻桃林口水库的区域,占该县总面积的21.37%;高度敏感区域主要分布在祖山镇、木头凳镇、安子岭乡、八道河乡和官厂乡,占该县总面积的48.16%;中度敏感区的分布与高度敏感区基本一致,占该县总面积的17.27%;轻度敏感区域占该县总面积的13.20%,包括除去上述地区的该县其他地区,主要为村镇建设用地。县域极敏感性区和高度敏感区面积占比达69.53%,整体生态敏感性较高。[结论]针对不同的区域,该文分别提出了针对性的保护和开发建议,极度和高度敏感性区域的工作重点是保护而非资源开发,生态中度敏感区最应处理好"开发与保护"的关系,而对于轻度敏感区域,仍要坚持"生态优先"的原则,保证"生活三废"和"工业三废"的合理排放。     

洪河自然保护区丹顶鹤秋季觅食生境初步研究

2005-10-12～21对洪河自然保护区秋季丹顶鹤的觅食生境采用因子测定法,对栖息地进行了觅食生境的研究,包括植物高度、植物密度、植物盖度、水深、水流、人为干扰等。对丹顶鹤觅食生境进行样方测定。结果表明洪河自然保护区的植物盖度为49.50%,植物密度为491株/㎡。根据对野外调查数据用标准差分析以及平均值比较等数学方法处理,得出了以下结论:丹顶鹤喜好在植物高度60-120cm,植物盖度低于75%,植物密度在600棵/㎡的左右生境中觅食,距人类活动场所的距离大于500m的生境中觅食。本研究为保护丹顶鹤栖息地提供重要的依据。     

发电设备寿命周期费用影响因素的敏感性分析

阐述了发电设备全寿命周期费用（Life Cycle Cost,LCC）的基本理论及计算方法,针对发电设备LCC的影响因素之间存在的客观联系,假定因素之间相互独立,对其中某2个因素的变动幅度进行了一定的修正,使之更贴近实际。以某2×600MW火电机组为例,选取若干影响因素,求得其全寿命周期费用净现值。对目标净现值进行单因素和多因素敏感性分析,以寻找目标值与影响因素之间所存在的内在联系,为设备投资以及后期优化管理提供决策依据。     

出砂强敏感稠油油藏低效水驱转热采政策界限研究——以林东馆三段稠油油藏为例

林樊家油田林东馆三段地质条件复杂,地层敏感性强,供液差,产能低,油稠,出砂严重,多年来采用了各种工艺措施,均未取得好的水驱开采效果。文章运用数值模拟手段,分析了低水驱的主要原因和论证了低效水驱转蒸汽热采可行性。在此基础上,研究了该块低效水驱转蒸汽热采的开发经济技术政策界限。开发实践表明,低效水驱稠油油藏通过转热采可大幅提高采收率,同时研究成果对同类油藏的开发具有重要指导意义。