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11.
随着新经济的到来,知识越来越成为企业快速响应市场机遇和获取竞争优势的最短缺资源.而企业自身知识资源的有限性使企业越来越多地采用虚拟企业的高级形态--知识联盟型虚拟企业来弥补企业知识资源的不足以快速响应变化的市场需求.本文首先对知识联盟型虚拟企业的知识缺口类型进行研究和划分,然后分析并描述虚拟企业生命周期各阶段的知识活动;在此基础之上,探讨虚拟企业组建阶段考虑知识要素的伙伴选择过程;最后,针对不同的知识缺口,提出伙伴选择过程的评价指标体系设计中应考虑的知识性因素. 相似文献
12.
In this paper, we aim to include rule making, implementation, monitoring and enforcement costs into the cost comparison of
policy instruments. We use a simple partial equilibrium model and apply it to the textile industry. The model includes discrete
abatement functions and costly monitoring and enforcement. The case study uses individual firm data to simulate the differences
in abatement costs and compliance decisions between firms. We compare combinations of regulatory instruments (emission taxes,
emission standards and technology standards) and enforcement instruments (criminal fines, civil fines and transaction offers).
We show that the inclusion of information, monitoring and enforcement costs indeed alters the relative cost efficiency of
the different instruments. 相似文献
13.
吴坚 《首都经济贸易大学学报》2007,9(3):94-97
批判性思维是一种反思性、反省性的思维,是基于一定标准的、合理的、可靠的思维。它适用于人们各个领域的思维活动。在经济活动中运用批判性思维,有助于经济工作者从清晰、正确、可靠的认识出发,客观、全面、深入地分析、思考问题,得出合理的、合乎逻辑的结论。 相似文献
14.
关新红 《中央财经大学学报》2002,(12):31-34
商业银行的表外业务一直以低风险、低成本、高利润成为各国银行业竞争的焦点。我国银行业如何在金融市场逐步放开的情况下 ,在同国外银行的竞争中立于不败之地 ,表外业务的发展状况、风险管理程度及信息披露的完善程度将发挥非常重要的作用。 相似文献
15.
建筑业内寻租活动分析及其对策 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在中国市场经济转轨时期,建筑业内寻租活动止以不同形式在不同的方面不断发生,给社会和公众带来了巨大损失,给政府的形象和威信带来负面影响,导致寻租的成因是多方面的,如何从根本上抑制打击寻租行为值得深入研究。 相似文献
16.
William C. Moncrief Author Vitae Greg W. Marshall Author Vitae 《Industrial Marketing Management》2005,34(1):13-22
The traditional seven steps of selling is perhaps the oldest paradigm in the sales discipline. The seven steps model has served as a basic framework in sales training, personal selling textbooks, and teaching personal selling classes. Very little has changed in this framework since the turn of the 20th century. This article reviews the traditional seven steps of selling, examines transformative factors that have led to changes in each step, and presents an evolved seven steps process. While the traditional seven steps reflected a selling orientation on the part of a firm, the evolved selling process reflects more of a customer orientation in that the focus is on relationship selling—that is, securing, building, and maintaining long-term relationships with profitable customers. 相似文献
17.
Guangqin Li Shiyu Lu Shuai Shao Lili Yang Ke Zhang 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2021,30(1):252-266
Due to the serious increase of environmental pollution in China, environmental regulations have become significantly stringent. Such regulations are playing an increasingly important role in the development of small enterprises (SEs) in China, especially in SEs' market entry. However, existing studies pay little attention to this issue. This paper investigates for the first time the effect of environmental regulations on SEs' market entry and the mechanism of environmental regulation effects in China. We consider two sets of panel data for the periods 2003–2010 and 2012–2015 in China. We also use the fixed effect model and the instrumental variable method to explore the role of environmental regulations in SEs' market entry. The results show that, overall, environmental regulations play a significantly positive and robust role in SEs' market entry. However, the mechanisms associated with the effect of environmental regulations on different innovative types of SEs differ. Environmental regulations promote the market entry of SEs with product innovation, but this impact is not significant for SEs with research and development (R&D) activities and R&D institutions. Our findings indicate that China's SEs prefer product innovation, which is a lower level innovative type, over R&D innovation, as a means to avoid the negative impact of stringent environmental regulations. 相似文献
18.
Emerging Market Firms' Internationalization: How Do Firms' Inward Activities Affect Their Outward Activities? 下载免费PDF全文
Research summary : In this study we examine how an emerging market firm's inward international activities (“inward activities”) are related to its outward international activities (“outward activities”) by focusing on the role of the firm's gain from its inward activities. On the one hand, drawing upon the organizational learning perspective, we propose that a firm's gain from inward activities may facilitate its outward activities through improving its resource fungibility. On the other hand, we draw upon the prospect theory to propose that a firm's gain from inward activities may hinder its outward activities by discouraging the firm's top managers from taking risks that are inherent in outward activities. With detailed data from a sample of manufacturing firms in China, we find empirical support for both lines of arguments . Managerial summary : Are emerging market firms with higher inward gain more likely to engage in outward internationalization activities? We argue that it depends upon how a firm uses its gain from inward activities. If the firm can improve its resource fungibility (particularly organizational resource fungibility) from its inward gain, it is more likely to engage in outward activities. If the firm cannot improve its resource fungiblity, the answer is no. Our findings suggest that for emerging market firms, internationalization is not just a path toward new markets; instead, it reflects how these firms exploit and explore what they have learned from their interactions with foreign firms at home in foreign markets. Therefore, managers must think more strategically on developing (organizational) resource fungibility from their inward activities . Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Prior research into illegal goods has typically looked at one-way effects, such as illegal demand on legal demand. This research investigates a previously unexamined component of the market, illegal supply. The authors examine the supply and demand of legal goods and their illegal counterparts as a market system of four interdependent components. This research makes theoretical and empirical contributions by evaluating illegal supply in this system. Simultaneous equations estimate each market component on the others using data from the motion picture industry. The results find illegal supply has no effect on legal supply (movie screens), positive effects on illegal demand (piracy downloads), and some effect on legal demand (box office revenues). Timing effects highlight this: illegal supply has a positive effect on legal demand during a film’s opening week, but no effect post-launch. The other market components have positive effects on illegal supply (except legal supply, which is negative in the opening week). Additionally, illegal demand has a negative effect on legal demand during the opening week of release, but not in the subsequent weeks. This finding alleviates prior research tension as to whether piracy helps or hurts legal sales, as omitting illegal supply could result in biased estimates. 相似文献
20.