国土电子政务的建设及其对策研究

近年来,中国电子政务GIS的建设取得了长足进步,国家空间数据基础设施（NSDI）的建设取得了明显进展,为不同层次的电子政务建设和应用提供了地理空间数据支持。电子政务的建设和应用离不开地理空间信息和以GIS为代表的3S技术的支撑,GIS在电子政务中的应用形成了电子政务GIS的专门研究和应用领域。主要分析了当今电子政务的发展特点以及在发展中出现的问题,结合空间地理信息技术,空间数据挖掘和网络构建等新技术,对电子政务的建设、组织、管理进行探讨,并对推进电子政务的给予相关建议。     

基于均衡博弈模型的土地流转杠杆平衡机制

深入分析了确保土地开发利益平衡应聚焦的三大问题,即有限土地资源的集约利用、建设用地开发与农用地保护及城乡统筹的利益平衡、城市发展空间的进一步有效拓展;提出了土地流转杠杆平衡机制的设计框架;采用纳什均衡博弈模型,构建了利益补偿机制模型和风险托底机制模型。研究结果表明,可以通过杠杆机制来平衡多边利益,得到土地流转过程中的利益补偿和风险托底的基金分配方案。最后,提出了土地流转的配套政策。     

河南省粮田人口承载力影响因素的实证分析

对土地人口承载力理论的国内外研究现状进行了综述;结合前人的研究成果,选取相应指标,在协整分析的基础上,运用多元线性回归方法对河南省粮田人口承载力的影响因素进行了实证分析。结果显示:人口因素、农业劳动力生产技术水平因素和土地因素与粮田人口承载力正相关,其中人口因素的影响最大;粮食需求因素与粮田人口承载力负相关。最后提出提高河南省粮田人口承载力的政策建议。     

Cost-effective compensation to avoid carbon emissions from forest loss: An approach to consider price-quantity effects and risk-aversion

Analyses were carried out on financial compensation to avoid loss of tropical forests and related carbon (C) emissions when marginal financial yield declined for land-use options with extended areas, and when a risk-averting perspective (modeled according to financial theory around the capital asset pricing model) is assumed. The approach in this study was to consider natural forest, forest plantation, pasture, and cropland simultaneously to investigate how an optimized land-use distribution may reduce the amount of compensation necessary to avoid C emissions from forest loss.The financial compensations derived were as high as US$ 176 per hectare per year when comparing natural forests only with the most profitable alternative (croplands). However, compensation decreased to US$ 124 for risk-neutral decision-makers, who would strive for optimized land-use allocation, and to only US$ 47 per hectare per year for risk-avoiders, who would look to maximize the reward-to-variability ratio. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the compensation under risk-aversion increased much less than under risk-ignoring when increased productivity of agricultural land-use or growing demand for agricultural products was simulated. It was concluded that considering appropriate diversification strategies and the well documented human behavior to avoid risks is an important step in developing cost-effective compensation policies.     

市民化过程中土地退出 问题与制度改革的新思路

本文认为市民化过程是一个综合性的、全局性的系统工程,仅仅依靠户籍制度改革是不能解决问题的,还必须同步推进土地制度改革。本文从农村集体成员定义角度提出了解决土地制度改革和户籍制度改革的新思路。本文的观点是,把静态集体成员变为动态的集体成员,就能同时解决市民化过程中农村的衰落和农民工有偿退出承包地的双重困境。     

论孙中山民生思想的中国特色

孙中山先生解决民生问题的手段具有典型的中国特色,一是平均地权,一是节制资本,这是在其他任何国家都未曾有过的手段。孙中山先生认定只要实施这两个办法就可以解决中国的民生问题。在对孙中山先生民生思想的研究中,我们可以获知,这位辛亥革命的先驱者当年明确地认识到,历史的重心是社会问题,社会问题的重心是生存问题,生存问题就是民生问题,民生问题不是政治问题,而是经济问题,是社会的存在与发展必须给予解决的经济问题。     

我国失地农民问题研究述评

随着我国城市化进程的推进,失地农民问题越来越引起学者的关注。现有研究主要集中在失地农民的权益、补偿安置、市民化及社会保障等四方面,研究视野较窄,还有待于对失地农民的幸福感、就业状况、满意度及少数民族失地农民的生存境况等方面进行研究。     

农村土地使用权流动研究

本文站在各个角度, 对当前土地使用权流动所面临的困惑进行了深入的分析, 揭示了土地流动的主要障碍是土地使用权流动的内生机制和外部环境、条件均不成熟。在分析的基础上提出了解决当前土地流动障碍的对策, 并进一步提出了土地证券化和土地股份公司制经营是土地流动和土地经营形式的发展趋势。     

Factors affecting agricultural land transfer-in in China: a semiparametric analysis

We use interview survey data collected randomly from 2677 farm households in nine provinces of China to understand the role of demographic, economic, land, and village characteristics on agricultural land transfer-in by farmers. Results show that variables such as borrowing from informal sources, household labour availability, percentage of total income from agricultural sources, and the household with village cadre have significant positive effects on land transfer-in. Low economic development and low transportation network availability in a county reduces land transfer-in. We also find that two variables (land holding and land idling) should be entered into the model nonparametrically. Land holding and land idling have U- and L-shaped impacts on land transfer-in, respectively. Land transfer-in has endowment equilibrium and provides Chinese households more opportunities to earn agricultural income, thereby reducing rural poverty.     

土地垄断供给、纵向市场关系与房地产价格——兼论基于价值链分析的房地产市场竞争促进政策

地价与房价之间并不仅仅是一种成本联系.土地市场与房地产产品市场之间还存在着纵向市场关系,在两个市场均为寡头垄断的情况下,则会存在着双重垄断加成的现象.与上下游产业之间的市场交易关系相比,垂直一体化和垂直约束同样是组织住房生产的有效方式,并有助于增加消费者剩余.此外,促进房地产开发价值链上各环节的竞争,消除其垄断行为,将是降低房价和增进居民福利的重要选择.