我国财政收入体制特征和改革路径

本文从我国财政收入体制的实质、特征和改革路径进行了多视角、全方位剖析。指出一国财政收入的实质,是一国政府怎样去筹集收入,筹集多少,用什么形式去筹集和向谁收入等大问题。特别是从我国财政收入的总量、结构和增速三个层面,概括了我国财政收入体制具有大而失度、多而繁杂和快而失序等三大特征。进而又提出了"多用税、广用债、深减费"的改革路径和政策建议。     

新疆水资源承载力探析

新疆水资源制约着新疆的绿洲经济发展,分析水土资源之间的关系有助于合理配置水资源。本文通过水土资源之间的关系分析,估算了新疆水资源的承载能力,从而得出新疆水资源量是稳定且有潜力的,并且能够支撑新疆社会经济发展的结论。     

城乡协调发展背景下的征地补偿机制研究

笔者总结现行征地补偿制度的基本特征,分析其制度缺陷,比较三种改革的办法,提出城乡协调发展背景下的征地补偿机制,指出只有将土地出让金平衡地投入到农村和城市两个区域,合理界定归公的土地增值收益比例,保护农民权益,才能统筹城乡协调发展,使整个社会福利最大化。     

区域一体化、地方利益冲突与利益协调

由于区域利益与地方利益之间存在一致性与差异性、群体性与集中性、中观性与微观性的矛盾属性,导致区域合作中的地方利益冲突无法避免,且利益冲突涉及到社会、政治、经济和自然环境等诸多领域,阻碍了区域合作和经济一体化进程。为了协调利益冲突,亟待树立合作共赢理念,完善利益分配协商、利益分享与补偿、利益争端调解、利益共享等机制。     

房屋征收中的国有土地使用权补偿问题探究

基于房屋与国有土地的密切关联,房屋征收必然涉及国有土地使用权的收回及重新安排。国有土地使用权是房屋所有人的一项重要财产权利,房屋所有人在购买房屋时已经支付了相应的土地使用权费用。《宪法》、《物权法》及其他相关法律法规规定了对土地使用权收回的补偿,因此,房屋被征收时,房屋所有人有权获得对国有土地使用权的公正、合理补偿。     

层次分析法在企业员工健康管理中的应用

近些年来,企业员工的健康对企业的影响越来越大,它不仅能改变企业的生存和发展,而且可以改变企业的竞争力。通过建立影响企业员工健康的递阶层次结构和构造成对比较矩阵,用模糊层次分析法定量地给出了各因素对提高企业员工健康的重要性及其先后次序,为企业对员工健康管理提供了相关的理论依据。     

对湖南省银行卡用卡情况的调查与思考——以长、常、衡三市为例

湖南省无论从率先开展银行卡助农取款服务,还是推广银行卡升级换代等都取得了一定成就。但也存在着持卡人用卡情况仍欠佳、用卡领域狭窄、服务欠完善、环境欠佳、法规环境欠优化等诸多问题。已成为银行卡产业发展的瓶颈。改变信用卡发展严重滞后现状,增加居民收入与改变消费观念,加大银行卡推广力度,加快银行卡产品创新,创造良好的银行卡受理和法规环境。拓展并规范信用卡市场无疑是一条有效途径。同时,应大力培养消费者良好用卡理念,避免“睡眠卡”的出现,提高持卡人用卡频率,增强用卡安全意识。推动银行卡产业的发展。     

Idiosyncratic use of credit facilities by consumers in an emerging economy

A worldwide increase in household debt since the turn of the century has created considerable concern about the indebtedness of households, especially those in emerging economies that have been hit particularly hard by the global economic slump. In this study, the credit consumption of consumers in Swaziland (N = 264) was investigated by means of a survey that aimed to identify and describe factors that encouraged consumers' use of credit, the influence of credit on their buying behaviour when choosing major household appliances or furniture as well as consumers' knowledge of the conditions of credit facilities that were available for their use in retail. Findings revealed that consumers unequivocally appreciate the convenience that is associated with credit, specifically to cope with unexpected purchases, to benefit from special offers and opportunity to afford expensive goods. These advantages apparently negate the negative consequences such as high interest rates and strain on household budgets. Mean scores that were obtained in the knowledge test that only reflected upon credit agreements that respondents have actually entered into in the past, confirmed their ignorance pertaining to their contractual obligations and their consequent vulnerability. Consumers' age and gender seem to have noteworthy consequences for efforts to enhance informed consumer decision‐making. Younger females were significantly better informed that their older counterpart while the reverse was true for males, although differences were not significant. The significant inverse relationship between income and the LS‐means for the credit knowledge test differ from findings in developed countries and provide valuable opportunity for further investigation.     

灌片节水配套改造工程的必要性和可行性研究

文章以4个灌片为例,探讨了灌片节水配套改造工程的必要性和可行性。通过对项目区渠系水利用系数极低、实灌面积严重缩减以及水资源供需平衡进行分析,得出灌片节水配套改造工程的必要性;通过对典型工程的实际设计,得出灌片节水配套改造工程的可行性。     

电气自动化技术在火力发电中的应用

火力发电是我国电能生产的重要形式,随着科学技术的不断发展,先进的火力发电技术得到了广泛的运用。电气自动化技术推广到火力发电厂之后,企业必须重视自动化技术的重要性。电气自动化技术凭借其高效率的使用性能在火力发电中的运用更为广泛,企业需顺应技术发展需要开展电气自动化研究。电气自动化技术的推广促进了火力发电模式的革新。针对这一点,文章分析了电气自动化模式的实际运用。