基于工作过程的“冲压模具设计与制造”课程学习领域开发

基于工作过程的培养模式为主线,研究开发一种全新的冲压模具设计与制造课程学习模式。开发过程以学生获得职业能力为目标,结合当地制造业特色,选取典型岗位任务,分析职业能力,设计学习情境,进而设计教学活动。     

粮食主产区水稻适度规模经营意愿影响因素研究——基于江西省7县428个水稻种植户的调查

[目的]农业适度规模经营是提高我国农业经营主体收入的最佳途径,是粮食主产区现代农业发展、维护国家粮食安全的现实选择。明晰粮食主产区农户水稻适度规模经营意愿水平,并深入考察其影响因素,对进一步提高水稻适度规模经营意愿、扩大土地经营规模具有重要的现实意义。[方法]基于江西省7县428个水稻种植户的实地调查数据,运用Logistic回归模型,借鉴柯布—道格拉斯生产函数,对粮食主产区水稻适度规模经营意愿影响因素进行了实证分析。[结果](1)各县水稻适度规模经营意愿及其影响因素特征存在着一定差异,且它们之间具有较为密切的关系;(2)劳动力、土地、资金和其他因素对粮食主产区水稻适度规模经营意愿均具有显著影响,其中土地因素对水稻适度规模经营意愿影响最为显著,劳动力和资金因素具有较大影响,其他因素影响较小;(3)在引入模型的13个影响因素中,土地规模、土地流转和户主文化程度对水稻适度规模经营意愿影响最为显著,劳动力人数、融资难易程度和非农收入比例次之,户主年龄、人均收入和区域经济水平也有影响,而家庭生命周期、粮食补贴、农业技术培训和购买农业保险则没有对规模经营意愿产生显著影响。[结论]根据以上研究结果,从加快土地流转、提升农户素质、破解融资瓶颈和分区分类推进适度规模经营4个方面提出了相关对策,认为要加快土地流转,扩大土地经营规模,创造适度规模经营前提条件;加强教育培训力度,提高农户职业素养,培养适度规模经营职业队伍;扩大融资渠道,改善粮食补贴模式,克服适度规模经营资金瓶颈;充分考虑地区差异,区分不同的地域类型,分区分类推进适度规模经营。     

《史记》“秦以牛田（之）水通粮”新解

长久以来，前辈学人对于《史记》中平阳君赵豹“秦以牛田（之）水通粮”一语解释多有不同，或以为是秦“以牛耕田，以水漕粮”，或以为是秦“以发源于‘牛田’之地的河流进行漕粮”，但均未形成定论。本文认为，先秦时期关中水资源丰富，渭河支流多可航运，加上关中水利发达，于是秦国利用与渭河支流连通的田间大渠——“浍”渠进行粮食漕运，即所谓“秦以牛田水通粮”。且战国后期，随着秦对外战争规模的扩大，粮秣耗费日增，使用“牛田水通粮”已十分必要。     

Impacts of protected areas on local livelihoods: Evidence of giant panda biosphere reserves in Sichuan Province,China

Given the debates about whether Protected Areas (PAs) exacerbate local poverty or might contribute to poverty alleviation, there is a critical need for evidence to examine the impacts. In this study, we have conducted a household investigation of 560 rural households in 7 PAs of Sichuan province of China. We used matching method to value impacts of PAs on local livelihoods. The results showed that compared to the Average Treatment Effect, the results of traditional regression model exaggerate the negative impacts of the PAs. However, we should notice that the overall impact of PAs on local household wealth was still negative. Households inside the PAs had more Non-timber Forest Products gathering income and compensation, but fewer crop production income and forestry income. Better conservation policies need to be initiated to realize the harmonious and concurrent development of ecological objectives and livelihood objectives.     

以马斯洛需求层次理论指导会计职业道德教育

本文提出基于马斯洛需求层次理论,以＂需求实现＂保障会计职业道德教育实效,结合学生的职业生涯发展,以＂需求愿景＂构建会计职业道德约束,并提出系统重构与实施会计专业人才培养方案,为会计职业道德教育提供了新的思路与实践方向。     

Major bleeding risk and healthcare economic outcomes of non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients newly-initiated with oral anticoagulant therapy in the real-world setting

Aims: This study compared the risk for major bleeding (MB) and healthcare economic outcomes of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) after initiating treatment with apixaban vs rivaroxaban, dabigatran, or warfarin.

Methods: NVAF patients who initiated apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, or warfarin were identified from the IMS Pharmetrics Plus database (January 1, 2013–September 30, 2015). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance differences in patient characteristics between study cohorts: patients treated with apixaban vs rivaroxaban, apixaban vs dabigatran, and apixaban vs warfarin. Risk of hospitalization and healthcare costs (all-cause and MB-related) were compared between matched cohorts during the follow-up.

Results: During the follow-up, risks for all-cause (hazard ratio [HR]?=?1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]?=?1.2–1.7) and MB-related (HR?=?1.57, 95% CI?=?1.0–2.4) hospitalizations were significantly greater for patients treated with rivaroxaban vs apixaban. Adjusted total all-cause healthcare costs were significantly lower for patients treated with apixaban vs rivaroxaban ($3,950 vs $4,333 per patient per month [PPPM], p?=?.002) and MB-related medical costs were not statistically significantly different ($100 vs $233 PPPM, p?=?.096). Risk for all-cause hospitalization (HR?=?1.98, 95% CI?=?1.6–2.4) was significantly greater for patients treated with dabigatran vs apixaban, although total all-cause healthcare costs were not statistically different. Risks for all-cause (HR?=?2.22, 95% CI?=?1.9–2.5) and MB-related (HR?=?2.05, 95% CI?=?1.4–3.0) hospitalizations were significantly greater for patients treated with warfarin vs apixaban. Total all-cause healthcare costs ($3,919 vs $4,177 PPPM, p?=?.025) and MB-related medical costs ($96 vs $212 PPPM, p?=?.026) were significantly lower for patients treated with apixaban vs warfarin.

Limitations: This retrospective database analysis does not establish causation.

Conclusions: In the real-world setting, compared with rivaroxaban and warfarin, apixaban is associated with reduced risk of hospitalization and lower healthcare costs. Compared with dabigatran, apixaban is associated with lower risk of hospitalizations.     

Interregional trade network analysis for road freight transport in Greece

This paper suggests a flexible decision support framework for the strategic planning of a freight transport hub network in Greece. The proposed methodology treats practical aspects related to the optimal number, location and geographical covering of hubs, through the network analysis of interregional trade, based on original survey data for road freight flows during 2004–2012. The results offer insights into the hierarchical structure of the network and related investment priorities, as the hub role of a prefecture is found to be strongly influenced by high population densities and manufacturing specialization, and its location along highway corridors.     

翻译专业本科阶段口译能力发展的现状及途径

本科阶段的口译翻译训练应有意识地培养学生进行双语转换思维的模式,高校应从课程设置、师资力量以及口译能力的课外练习三个方面加强翻译本科专业的口译能力培养。     

基于能力贫困理论的新疆连片特困地区主要民族多维贫困分析

[目的]考察新疆连片特困地区主要民族多维贫困的程度和特征,为新时期精准扶贫、精准脱贫提供有价值的参考。[方法]基于能力贫困理论构建新疆连片特困地区多维贫困识别指标体系,利用AF法,基于新疆连片特困地区农户生计调研数据测度汉族、维吾尔族、柯尔克孜族多维贫困的程度,利用对比分析的方法,并结合当地实际情况研究各主要民族多维贫困的特征,剖析其产生原因。[结果]连片特困地区各主要民族都面临着多维贫困问题,且非收入贫困比收入贫困严重;与汉族相比,维吾尔族和柯尔克孜族的多维贫困覆盖率高,贫困程度严重;从各维度对多维贫困指数的贡献率来看,汉族的教育维度贫困对多维贫困的贡献最大,维吾尔族和柯尔克孜族的收入、教育和健康维度贫困对多维贫困的贡献较大。[结论]收入低下和人力资本积累不足是新疆连片特困地区主要民族摆脱多维贫困的重要障碍,新时期反贫困工作应充分考虑各主要民族贫困的差异性和多维性特征,尤其要重视从人力资本方面提升贫困人口的自我发展能力。     

山区变电站竖向设计初探

文章阐述了变电站总图设计中竖向设计的4种形式和影响变电站竖向设计的因素,并通过实例分析指出适宜山区变电站采取的竖向布置形式。