基于产品差异化和规制条件下的斯坦克尔伯格模型研究

本文研究了产品差异化和规制条件下的斯坦克尔伯格模型,认为跟随企业的定价受主导企业定价的影响,但其定价受主导企业定价的影响的敏感程度随行业内跟随企业数量增加而下降.此外,本文还研究了在完全信息和不对称信息条件下政府对主导企业进行不对称规制时,为实现社会福利最大化对其征税的最优税率的确定.     

新型农业经营主体的空间分异特征及其创新发展机制——以山东省为例

目的 新型农业经营主体的创新发展是我国实现农业农村现代化发展的重大战略，通过对山东省3类新型农业经营主体发展特征进行研究，有利于以点带面，提升各类新型农业经营主体发展质量。方法 文章以山东省1 585个新型农业经营主体为研究对象，综合运用空间分析方法和地理探测器模型系统揭示山东省3类新型农业经营主体空间分异特征及其创新发展机制。结果 （1）山东省3类经营主体呈集聚型分布，3类经营主体的空间离散程度均处在高非均衡水平，空间分布结构的区域差异明显。（2）3类经营主体呈现“多中心，连片化”的空间分布特征，家庭农场整体呈“带状”分布，农民专业合作社和龙头企业整体呈“环带状”分布。（3）家庭农场与农民专业合作社在县域层面呈显著的空间正相关性，龙头企业在市域层面呈显著的空间负相关性。（4）生产要素、政府能力、劳动力质量、技术创新、产业结构、金融服务、电子商务和市场化水平共同推动各类经营主体创新发展，且两两之间的交互能对3类经营主体创新发展具有协同增强的作用。结论 因此，针对不同类型新型农业经营主体创新发展特性，采取多元化、差异化的发展策略组合有助于推动各类经营主体的创新发展。     

集群企业产品差异与技术创新溢出效应

产业集群中的企业技术创新行为，由于受产业集群特性的影响，表现出与一般企业技术创新明显不同的特征，其中较重要的一点是产品差异化程度和溢出效应对企业技术创新具有较明显的影响。本文以D’Aspremont与Jacqueminde的技术研发博弈模型为基础，采用斯潘斯（Spence）和迪克塞特（Dixit）的有产品差异化的反需求函数，建立起集群企业技术创新的动态博弈模型，具体分析了集群企业的产品差异化程度、技术溢出效应对集群企业研发投资的影响，并从中得出一些有价值的结论。     

从直播都市改版看湖南电视的专业化进程

湖南电视的崛起分为二三个阶段（对应为湖南广电的三轮改革）：第一轮以创办湖南经济电视台激活湖南卫视上星为标志；第二轮以频道整合消灭内耗为标志。都市频道的改版就从这里开始；第三轮改革方兴未艾，以立足市场主体和专业频道全面开花为标志。事实上湖南电视的手法不外两招——综合频道专业化和专业频道多元化，紧紧把握新时期电视受众的分众化趋势。     

How much trustworthy and salubrious an organic jam should be? The impact of organic logo on the Italian jam market

This paper studies the impact of organic logo in the Italian jam market. Using data on true sales in Italian supermarkets in the 2002–2004 period we estimate the structural demand model developed by Berry (1994). This approach allows us to solve potential endogeneity problem in the estimation of the price coefficient in the demand equation, as well as other aspects related to multiple sources of differentiation. In a market where 62 percent of organic jams are diet this approach allows us to identify separately the market power induced by the organic logo and by the low content of sugar. The estimation results from various specifications of GEV class of models show that the organic attribute guarantees a degree of market power greater than the diet attribute. However, the protection from competition entailed by the organic logo is not particularly strong, and the diet attribute does not guarantees additional protection to organic jams. Most importantly, our findings show that consumers trust more big organic producers thus suggesting important policy implications on the supply and marketing side of the jam market.     

计算机制造业产品差别化成因分析

根据计算机制造业的特点,从客观条件与消费者主观选择这两个方面具体分析了计算机制造业产品差别化的形成原因,并对运用产品差别化战略的计算机制造企业提出了相应的建议。     

Welfare and quality improvement in an international market

This paper analyzes the optimal uniform and discriminatory quality requirements under Cournot competition when two firms produce high-quality and low-quality products, respectively, in an international market. The quality requirements in our paper are not set for the foreign firm but are set to regulate products of different qualities, since in the real world a domestic firm could be a high- or low-quality producer. We find that whether the government should raise the quality requirements depends on the type of competition in which firms engage and the adopted quality requirements. By and large, the government should always set quality requirements raising both firms’ quality directly or indirectly, regardless of the quality of the product of the domestic firm. However, if the domestic firm is a high-quality producer, the government should set a quality requirement that enables the domestic firm to monopolize the market when a discriminatory quality requirement is adopted, and should not set any quality requirement when a uniform quality requirement is adopted. Moreover, we show that the quality requirement can actually improve global welfare in most cases.     

浅谈“毕业生一职难求 企业空缺难满”的怪象——加强大学生职业道德教育

大学生就业形势不断严峻。随着社会的不断发展,企业需求不断改变,职业道德的缺失成为影响大学生就业的主要原因。因此,我们应当将日常思想政治工作与职业道德教育相结合,根据职业道德教育的特点,利用社会、学较、家庭的合力,加强大学生职业道德教育。     

The Effect of Probabilistic Selling on the Optimal Product Mix

Determination of the merchandize assortment is an important decision for retailers since the composition and depth of the product mix greatly impact both unit sales and costs. This paper considers how Probabilistic Selling (PS), an emerging marketing strategy, impacts the type and number of products a retailer should carry. We find that adopting PS can alter the optimal number of products (i.e., encourage the retailer to offer more or fewer products), depending on demand- and supply-side factors. Furthermore, introducing probabilistic goods sometimes increases the optimal degree of product differentiation and sometimes reduces it. Specifically, less differentiated products are warranted if there are either few or many consumers with extreme tastes, but more differentiation is needed otherwise. Our analysis reveals that PS can serve either as a substitute to new product introduction (because it enables a retailer to serve a diverse market at a lower cost) or as a complement to new product introduction (since, under PS, a new product enables a retailer to offer additional probabilistic goods that utilize this new product as one of its components). In sum, our results indicate that a retailer must adjust its merchandize assortment appropriately in order to fully benefit from probabilistic selling.