基于企业生命周期的财务管理目标分析

本文以企业生命周期为基础,根据财务管理目标制订的动态性原则,提出在企业生命周期的不同阶段应实行不同的财务管理目标。     

我国二氧化碳排放绩效的动态变化、区域差异及影响因素

本文利用含有非期望产出的DEA模型构建了可用于研究二氧化碳排放绩效动态变化的Malmquist指数,以此为基础,测度了1996—2007年我国28个省区市二氧化碳的排放绩效,并借助收敛理论和面板数据回归模型分析区域差异及其影响因素。研究发现:样本期间我国二氧化碳排放绩效主要因技术进步而不断提高,平均改善率为3.25%,累计改善为40.86%;四大区域的二氧化碳排放绩效有所差异,东部最高,东北和中部稍低,西部较为落后,但差异性有下降趋势,二氧化碳排放绩效存在收敛性;全国范围内,经济发展水平、产业结构高级化程度、能源强度和所有制结构对二氧化碳排放绩效有显著影响,对外开放的影响则不明显。     

不同汇率制度下的货币政策、财政政策与最优货币区

本文讨论了１９９９年度诺贝尔经济学奖获得者－芒德尔的主要理论贡献及其现实意义,芒德尔的开放经济中的稳定政策理论认为：稳定政策的效果取决于汇率制度。在浮动汇率制度下,货币政策是有力的而财政政策是无力的;在固定汇率制度下,财政政策是有力的而货币政策是无力的。最优货币区的判别理论为研究欧洲货币联盟（ＥＭＵ）优缺点的研究人员提供了起点。     

Assessing a Perfect European Optimum Currency Area: A Common Cycles Approach

In this paper we introduce a new definition for an optimum currency area (OCA) which is more restrictive than the previous ones. Indeed, using both a cointegration and a common cyclical feature analysis in a VAR(p)framework, a set of countries is said to constitute a perfect OCA if theshort-run dynamics is perfectly correlated while long-run relationships arenot constrained. Using seasonally unadjusted industrial production indicesfor the period 75:M1 to 97:M4, we show that European countries are notsufficiently related to fit our definition.     

湖北省夏玉米适播期分析

[目的]为因地制宜发展夏玉米生产,充分利用当地气候资源特点,尽量避免由于播种期不当导致的产量损失,为湖北省夏玉米种植管理提供理论依据。[方法]利用1981—2010年湖北省76个气象台站逐日气象观测资料和夏玉米历年生育期观测资料,借鉴国内外有关玉米气候适宜度模型相关研究,对参数进行本地化计算,构建气候适宜度模型。根据历年夏玉米播种情况及茬口安排,将夏玉米初播期定为5月11日,以7d为步长计算湖北省76个台站7个不同播期的气候适宜度,分析湖北省夏玉米不同播期温度、降水、日照适宜度及综合气候适宜度时空变化,并结合夏玉米抽雄期高温热害和拔节—抽雄期干旱指标统计不同播期灾害风险,综合确定夏玉米适宜播期。[结果]从气候资源角度来看,鄂西北大部、江汉平原及鄂东北西北部气候条件比较适宜夏玉米生长发育;从气象灾害风险角度来看,湖北省夏玉米播种时间应避开5月中旬,在6月15—22日播种可有效避免夏玉米抽雄吐丝期高温热害和干旱的发生。[结论]综合分析得出中东部大部最适宜播期在6月15—22日,其他大部最适宜播期在5月25—6月8日。     

Key Factors that Influence Consumer Preferences for Natural-Hyped Products

Natural-hyped products are receiving greater attention from and acceptance by consumers worldwide. Environmental factors that foster the demand for natural-hyped products, specifically hemp-based products include the deregulation of the cannabis industry and greater consumer desire for natural foods. Adding to this, the strategic use of stimulant type of cues (e.g., a cannabis leaf) included in product logos, ads, and packaging, seems to create hype associations when evaluating hemp-based products. In this context, this study presents empirical evidence (three experiments and two qualitative studies) that illustrates consumer preference for hemp-based products over ones that do not include hemp as an ingredient (hemp-free). The research focuses on identifying the psychological determinant that orients consumers towards hemp-based products. Findings suggest that the perceived naturalness is the psychological mechanism behind consumers positive evaluation of hemp-based products. Moreover, this study presents evidence that this evaluation is enhanced by the consumer's need for stimulation. Implications of the findings for the role of perceived naturalness and the need for stimulation in marketing strategies are discussed.     

The optimal carbon tax mechanism for managing carbon emissions

Along Pigouvian lines, the carbon tax not only exceeds the carbon emission damage imposed on society, but ignores the potential cost from deliberate carbon abatement, which in turn challenges the stability and optimality of the Pigouvian solution. For correcting these distortions, this paper amends the standard Pigouvian version by using piecewise tax functions to approximate the social damage curve of carbon emissions. An optimal carbon tax mechanism is designed, where the tax is endogenously determined from social welfare maximization. With the help of a modification instrument, the carbon tax corrects emitters’ non-optimal individual decision and the social optimum is implemented efficiently. How to put the carbon tax into practice is examined under both the deterministic and stochastic modeling settings. In both cases, we demonstrate the structure and effectiveness of the carbon tax in detail. Moreover, a flexible adjustment tax scheme is proposed, which may produce the double-dividend effect that reduces carbon emissions and relieves financial burden of carbon abatement simultaneously. These may improve the application of market-based carbon-reducing tools in public management and pollution regulation.     

成本—收益视角下的城镇规模适度性分析——以京津冀城市群、山东城市群和中原城市群为例

研究目的:分析城市群在城镇化进程中的规模特点,对其发展的适度性进行判断。研究方法:基于城镇规模边际成本和边际效益的基本理论,通过三次非线性回归方程建立城镇最佳规模分析模型和城镇发展规模适度性判断模型。研究结果:(1)在成本—收益视角下分析城镇的最佳规模,不能只看取得的经济效益高低或投入成本的大小,要通过城镇经济发展效益扣减成本投入后的盈利效率来判断;(2)城镇规模适度性分析模型在对实际规模与最佳规模的对比分析基础上,再通过城镇规模发展阶段和城镇规模增长趋势对其城镇规模适度性进行判断。研究结论:(1)应严格限制城镇规模大于500 km2的超大城市的发展;(2)应根据具体情况适度发展城镇用地规模在300—400 km2的大城市;(3)应当增强经济的拉动作用,促进城镇用地规模在200 km2以下的中小城镇的发展。     

Destination loyalty and repeat behaviour: an application of optimum stimulation measurement

This paper reports on a study of consumer loyalty in the holiday destination selection process. The study does not define loyalty, but attempts to contribute to an understanding of the concept by applying a psychological measure of variety seeking directly to patterns of holiday destination choice. The measure used is based on the optimum stimulation level (OSL) concept. The guiding proposition in this study was that tourists with a high need for variety would display a varied pattern in their vacation destination selection and this assumption is modestly supported by the empirical findings. The results suggest that further experimentation with the OSL would be fruitful when combined with attitudinal measures and with precisely defined sets of tourist behaviours. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.