生态敏感区有机板栗生态补偿标准及其估算——以北京市密云水库库区为例

有机农业发展与水源地等生态敏感区的生态安全维护息息相关,科学合理地对有机农业进行生态补偿,是促进水源地有机农业发展的重要激励手段,对防止水库水体污染、维护水库生态系统安全具有重要意义。研究应用生态服务价值评估、生命周期评价以及农户问卷调查等方法,综合考虑有机农产品生产的额外成本、生态系统服务价值及环境成本三大基本影响因素,建立有机农产品生态补偿标准定量化指标体系和估算方法,确定了北京市密云库区有机板栗的生态补偿标准。研究结果表明:与常规板栗相比,密云有机板栗生产的额外成本为6 000.00元/hm~2;有机板栗的生态系统服务价值高于常规板栗,增量为4 434.50元/hm~2;有机板栗的环境成本比常规板栗低209.20元/hm~2;密云库区有机板栗生态补偿标准为3个变量之和,即1.064 37万元/hm~2。在密云库区有机板栗生态补偿额度的构成中,有机板栗生产的额外成本所占比例最大,为56.37%,额外成本过高是影响该区域有机农业发展的主要障碍因素,而有机板栗较高的生态系统服务价值和较低的环境成本,是水库水环境安全的重要保障。估算密云水库库区有机农产品的生态补偿标准并分析其构成,对进一步完善该区域的生态补偿机制,维护库区生态安全具有重要参考价值。     

硫酸镁肥料生产现状及研究开发动向

本文评述了硫酸镁肥料的产生现状，包括土壤中镁，硫元素短缺现状，镁肥，硫肥肥效，国内外生产厂家，能力和品种以及研究开发动向。     

Image Transformation for Mazu Pilgrimage and Festival Tourism

The aim of this article is to examine image transformation among tourists in regard to Mazu pilgrimage tourism in Taiwan. The focus is on examining the transformation in organic, induced and complex image dimensions targeting tourists; this study adopts one factor within-subjects ANOVA and systematic sampling as the methodology. A total of 297 samples studied shows that tourists exhibit significant differences in relation to the formation of 33 organic, induced and complex image items of Mazu pilgrimage. A summary of differential trends shows that tourists' perception of unique images (such as the 10 major ceremonies) is enhanced with information stimulation and tourists' actual visitation. Furthermore, tourism information stimulation has a significant effect on “psychological–common–individual attribute” images.     

美国塑料电子产业的起步与发展

进入21世纪以来，塑料电子逐步发展成为电子技术新革命的前沿科技领域。本文分析了美国科技界、产业界围绕塑料电子开展研发、提出创新理论、开发创新成果并促进成果转化的主要经验和措施，研究了美国在孕育和促进电子技术革命方面所发挥的作用。本文指出，美国塑料电子产业仍然处于发展初期，但展示出广阔的市场前景。     

Qualifying tradition: Instituted practices in the making of the organic wine market in Languedoc‐Roussillon,France

Within France, the Languedoc‐Roussillon region (now part of Occitanie) is home to about one third of the nation's area of certified organic vineyards. Each year, the world's largest organic wine fair, Millésime Bio, takes place in the city of Montpellier. This trade fair is an important site where organic wine is not only sold but also given meaning in the market, and importantly, differentiated from but made commensurate with conventional wine. In this paper, we examine processes and practices of ‘qualifying’ organic wine, including by means of relational processes of association and dissociation. Drawing on collaborative event ethnography and other qualitative methods, we focus on individual and institutional actors engaged in creating forms of commodified meanings that circulate with organic wine. In Languedoc‐Roussillon, these meanings reflect and reinforce a longer‐term so‐called shift to quality in wine production, yet also emphasize continuity over change, particularly through emphasis on ongoing role of artisanal, independent growers. We argue that qualification thereby works not only through association with independent growers but also by dissociation, specifically from Languedoc‐Roussillon's agrarian tradition of generic wine production and from the central role played by wine cooperatives in the social reproduction of the region's small‐holding grower class.     

Evaluación de la conversión a café orgánico usando la metodología de opciones reales

Since the deregulation of the coffee market in 1989, price crises are proof of the uncertainty and risk around coffee growers’ income, particularly for small producers who, in the case of Mexico, have taken action such as the conversion of their traditional crops into the organic production system which, besides the ecological priority, allows them to get a higher income than from conventional coffee. In this document we model as real investment options (RIO) the possibility of conversion from one system into the other one also including the feasibility of abandoning this strategic decision.     

导热油炉在广西淀粉行业使用中常见问题及解决对策研究

对淀粉生产行业使用的烘干设备——导热油炉（有机热载体炉）运行中常见问题进行分析,并提出了有机热载体炉在运行中出现问题的解决对策,在广西当前还没有关于该类特种设备的专业培训的情况下,对企业的安全生产有较大的指导意义。     

The Difficult Client‐Acceptance Decision in Canadian Audit Firms: A Field Investigation*

Auditing is often depicted in scientific and professional literature as being subject to conflicting forces, such as mechanization versus flexibility, and professionalism versus commercialism. This paper examines how auditors actually make the client‐acceptance decision in the midst of these forces. The investigation was conducted via a field study at three Big 6 firms located in Canada. The results show that in all firms the client‐acceptance decision process in action is largely flexible, being characterized by a high degree of informal communication and the adaptation of the client‐acceptance written policies and decision aids to circumstances. Furthermore, while commercialism in one firm (A) has a significant influence on the decision process, in the two other firms (B and C) the decision process is mostly consistent with professionalism. This result conflicts with the concerns that North American regulators have recently expressed about auditors' professionalism.