我国废旧家电电子产品回收处理机制探讨

我国因人口众多,电子电器产品的实际拥有量非常大,当这些产品被淘汰或换代时,产品废弃的数量同样巨大。如何有效地进行废旧电器电子的资源化回收处理,已经成为当前关系到我国经济、社会和环境可持续发展及我国再生资源回收利用面临的一个新课题。分析了我国废旧家电电子产品回收处理现状及存在问题,提出建立相关的法律、法规、市场机制及出台积极的经济政策,同时利用经济政策和利益驱动刺激回收市场发展,并加大绿色技术投入,使得废旧家电回收利用规模化发展。     

独占所有权、要素配置与家庭农业生产经营——基于重庆市农户家庭经营行为的实证分析

农村家庭联产承包责任制的实行塑造了家庭对各种农业生产要素的独占所有权,家庭成为农业生产要素的＂所有主体＂和＂配置主体＂。根据实证分析结果,在要素市场和家庭合作的作用下,农业劳动力和土地对农业收入有显著的正向偏效应,土地成为农业生产的硬性约束要素,劳动力存在过度流失的现象,而教育年限、农业资本则对农业生产没有显著的促进作用。因此,必须采取措施扩大家庭土地经营规模、提高人力资本回报率和促进农村劳动力的合理流动。     

林业生态建设的社会经济驱动力评价:来自四川和湖北的实证

中国长期以来从事林业生态建设工程,如天然林保护工程和退耕还林工程。然而,中国的环境问题如生物多样性丧失、水土流失、沙漠化进一步恶化。该研究目的旨在从林农户视角调查林业生态建设的社会经济驱动力,基于对171林农户的调研,采用多变量回归模型,对其愿意接受补贴,从事生态环境生产进行分析。结果表明,94%的林农户愿意接受补贴,从事生态环境生产。但是,补贴高达每年每公顷6033元。计量结果进一步揭示,受教育程度越高、距离城市越远、农业收入较高,其索要的生态补贴就越高。与此相反,部分在自己地上劳作的农户和农地面积较大的农户,其索要的生态补贴就较低。     

Home-field advantage or a matter of ambiguity aversion? Local bias among German individual investors

This paper investigates whether familiarity induced by ambiguity aversion can help explaining the local bias phenomenon among individual investors. Using geographic closeness as a proxy for investor familiarity, we find that investors pull out of (unfamiliar) remote stocks and pour into (familiar) local stocks during times of increased market uncertainty. Moreover, the magnitude of this ‘flight to familiarity’ increases in the spread of an investor's ambiguity (about expected returns) between local and remote stocks. Our results prove robust to a number of alternative explanations of local bias. Specifically, we rule out a ‘home-field advantage’, where investors are able to translate information advantages about nearby companies into excess returns on their local stockholdings. We conclude that individual investors’ local bias is induced by ambiguity aversion in the portfolio selection process rather than a trading strategy based on superior information about local companies.     

公司领办的合作社中公司与农户的关系研究

对于以龙头企业为代表的公司与农户的关系,学术界存在着争议,一种观点认为,龙头企业与农户之间本质上是一种对立的买卖关系;另一种观点认为,公司与农户可以通过紧密的利益纽带联结起来.这些观点都是从静态的角度来讨论公司与农户的关系,实际上,公司与农户的关系是不断变化的,在合作社内自始至终存在着两种力量:合作与竞争.哪一种力量占据主导地位取决于合作社内公司与农户的谈判力量.     

社会资本的累积效应及其家庭福利改善

采用贫困家庭的调查数据,从社会资本的五个维度探讨累积效应对家庭福利的影响。这五个维度中,尤其是其中的社会网络规模、信任及其参与公共事务对家庭福利的影响系数为正,且在统计上显著。研究发现,对贫困家庭而言,社会资本的收入补偿效应很大。因此,在政策设计上,应提升贫困家庭的社会资本累积程度,从而提高贫困家庭的福利水平。     

Extending the Resource‐Based Approach to Livelihoods: An Urban Application to Turkish Gecekondu Households

This article critically examines the existing conceptualizations of and explanations for the socioeconomic behaviour of poor households in order to lay the foundations of a new model designed to extend the existing resource‐based approach to livelihoods. The proposed model groups ‘household responses to poverty’ into four key types: income generation, income allocation, consumption and investment. In explaining household responses and their poverty outcomes, it focuses on the role of different resources beyond income (e.g. social capital), along with the wider structural forces and household characteristics that influence the availability and benefit delivery capacity of these resources. The new model is shown to provide a theoretically more sophisticated framework with greater explanatory power and empirical applicability.     

Governance, Democracy and Poverty Reduction: Lessons Drawn from Household Surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America

Public statistics face quite a challenge when it comes to measuring new dimensions of development (institutions, governance, and social and political participation). To take up this challenge, modules on Governance, Democracy and Multiple Dimensions of Poverty have been appended to household surveys by National Statistics Institutes in twelve African and Latin American developing countries. This paper presents the issues addressed and the methodological lessons learnt along with a selection of findings to illustrate this innovative approach and demonstrate its analytic potential. We investigate, for instance, the population's support for democratic principles, the respect for civil and political rights and the trust in the political class; the ‘need for the State’, particularly of the poorest; the extent of petty corruption; the reliability of expert surveys on governance; the perception of decentralization policies at local level; the level and vitality of social and political participation, etc. The conclusive appraisal made opens up prospects for the national statistical information systems in the developing countries. The measurement and tracking of this new set of objective and subjective public policy monitoring indicators would benefit from being made systematic.     

借鉴国外经验对厦门市生活垃圾处置的思考

生活垃圾污染环境日益突出，在此分析了西欧三个国家的生活垃圾处理情况，综述了对厦门在建设海湾型生态城市中的垃圾减量化、无害化、资源化的展望。     

Planning for housing in the post-Barker era: affordability, household formation, and tenure choice

The Barker Review of Housing Supply recommended the greateruse of market indicators as the basis for providing sufficientland for future housing requirements. Worsening affordabilitywould be a sign that more land is required. However, the traditionalapproach to land release used by planners is based on trendhousehold projections. The paper shows that this will typicallylead to worsening affordability over time. The paper, therefore,develops an alternative economic model more suitable to thepost-Barker era, covering both household formation and tenurechoice. The model is used to analyse a range of policy issues,including raising home-ownership rates and home-ownership sustainability.