公司治理与代理成本关系研究

有关公司治理机制的效率问题一直是众多学者研究的热点。本文在学者现有研究的基础上,以总资产周转率和管理费用率直接计量代理成本,并结合公司控制权性质和成长机会等因素,系统研究了董事会(含董事会规模、独立董事比例、董事长与总经理两职合一)、管理层持股、大股东监控和债务融资(包括债务期限结构和债务来源)等治理机制的效率问题。研究发现,我国上市公司的代理问题和治理机制的效率会因公司控制权的性质和成长机会的不同而存在很大差异,表现在国有控股上市公司或低成长机会公司的代理问题显得较突出。在公司治理机制效率方面,管理层持股在国有控股上市公司中不具有治理效用,而独立董事在非国有控股上市公司中未发挥出治理作用;大股东监控和短期债务融资在低成长机会的公司中具有明显的治理作用。研究还发现,债务期限结构(短期债务融资)的治理效用是显著的,而债务来源(银行借款)的治理作用则是弱化的或恶化的,其存在不仅未缓和公司代理问题,反而一定程度上加重了国有控股上市公司的代理冲突,从而为不同性质的债务融资安排的治理效率差异提供了证据。     

品牌战略中的知识产权制度探讨

随着知识经济时代的到来,知识产权不仅仅只是品牌成果的保护者,其本身已经成为品牌的核心内涵。制定品牌战略就是以知识产权制度为中心,全面发挥法律作用,保护和发展品牌的各知识产权构成,实现品牌效益最大化。本文将以攸关品牌生死的两大重要知识产权即商标权、专利权为重点,结合目前经济生活中突出的问题,对品牌战略实施过程中的知识产权法律制度加以梳理和分析,提出相关的制度及政策建议。     

高新技术企业资产证券化问题研究

我国高新技术企业适合证券化的资产有出口贸易应收款和知识产权转让收入。出口贸易应收款的证券化宜走海外模式，在海外市场发行资产支持证券；而知识产权转让收入的证券化宜走国内模式，在国内市场发行资产支持证券。     

Barriers to employee rights: Gender,selection, and the labor process

This article applies a labor process analysis to the issue of employment rights in the particular context of gender inequality and unlawful discrimination in the recruitment process. It criticizes conventional perspectives on employee rights for their failure to examine critically managerial power and prerogative and its implications for gender inequality. The article outlines two particular labor process theories of gender divisions and inequality. In exploring the strengths and weaknesses of these more critical perspectives, the article highlights the analytical significance that they ascribe to power asymmetries in the labor process and labor market. Building on this perspective, the analysis then presents empirical data on gender discrimination in the selection practices of contemporary UK organizations. The research material reveals how gender discrimination can be reproduced, rationalized, and resisted. These empirical findings are theorized through a combined labor process analysis of power, knowledge, and identity in recruitment practices. We conclude that labor process analysis facilitates our understanding of the deep-seated barriers that continue to impede the protection of employee rights in workplace practices.     

Innovation, Imitation and Intellectual Property Rights: A Note on Helpman's Model

This note analyses the effect of the policy of tightening Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on the rate of innovation in the North and on the welfare in both North and South in a model which is otherwise identical to Helpman (1993) except in the concept of knowledge capital. We assume that the South based imitated products do not contribute to the knowledge capital in the North. It is shown that the tightening of IPR raises the rate of innovation in the North and may improve the welfare of both North and South. These results are significantly different from those in Helpman (1993).     

Property rights protection and access to bank loans

Poor protection of private property has limited the access to bank loans by private enterprises in developing and transition economies. Under those circumstances, private entrepreneurs have resorted to various ways of enhancing the de facto protection of private property. Using a dataset of 3,073 private enterprises in China, this paper empirically investigates the impact of political participation and philanthropic activities – informal substitutes for the lack of formal protection of private property – on the access to bank loans.     

控股股东、实际控制权与小股东权益保护

股权集中型公司是现代公司的主流组织形态之一,其代理成本主要产生于控股股东与小股东之间存在的利益冲突.通过发行多种类股票、交叉持股和金字塔式控股等方式,控股股东能够获取比与其股权份额相对应的名义控制权更大的实际控制权,因而更容易发生以侵害小股东权益作代价追求控制权私下收益的道德风险行为,致使代理成本高昂.声誉机制和法律手段能够迫使控股股东收敛侵占行为,且法律手段较声誉机制更为有效.在中国,声誉机制对控股股东基本不起作用,保护小股东权益的最为有效的措施是完善相关立法并加大执法力度.     

Institutions matter,but which ones?

The purpose of this paper is to go beyond the narrow focus of the current institutional economics literature in development on the institutions protecting individual property rights, and to look at the economic effects of some other aspects of institutional quality on the development process (like democratic participation rights and institutions to address coordination failures). Another purpose is to suggest an alternative instrumental variable in quantifying the effects of property rights institutions. Finally, we speculate how, on account of distributive conflicts, institutions that have an adverse effect on economic performance often tend to persist for long periods of time in many poor countries.     

战略环境评价中的公众参与及实施条件分析

本文简要介绍了战略环境评价中公众参与的含义，着重分析了我国公众参与战略环境评价的重要意义和作用，并立足我国国情对实施有效的公众参与所必需的制度框架和技术方法进行了深入探讨。     

Disagreement over the emergence of private property rights: alternative meanings, alternative explanations

This paper is an exercise in the history of thought, which compares Austrian and neoclassical theories of the emergence of private property rights, and examines, in part, the extent to which Austrians can be said to offer a commonly-agreed upon explanation that parallels Carl Menger's exemplary story of the emergence of money. We address the sources of disagreement (and apparent conflict) among emergence theorists in both schools. We try to show that some of the disagreement hinges on an unclear meaning of the term “emergence,” which is resolvable, while other sources of disagreement are fundamental at the methodological level. JEL Code B25, E40, E53