Estimating the J function without edge correction

The interaction between points in a spatial point process can be measured by its empty space function F , its nearest-neighbour distance distribution function G , and by combinations such as the J function J = (1 G )/(1 F ). The estimation of these functions is hampered by edge effects: the uncorrected, empirical distributions of distances observed in a bounded sampling window W give severely biased estimates of F and G . However, in this paper we show that the corresponding uncorrected estimator of the function J = (1 G )/(1 F ) is approximately unbiased for the Poisson case, and is useful as a summary statistic. Specifically, consider the estimate _W of J computed from uncorrected estimates of F and G . The function J _W ( r ), estimated by _W , possesses similar properties to the J function, for example J _W ( r ) is identically 1 for Poisson processes. This enables direct interpretation of uncorrected estimates of J , something not possible with uncorrected estimates of either F , G or K . We propose a Monte Carlo test for complete spatial randomness based on testing whether J _W ( r ) 1. Computer simulations suggest this test is at least as powerful as tests based on edge corrected estimators of J .     

The Spatial Pattern of Residential Mobility in Guangzhou,China

In urban China, residential mobility behaviors have changed fundamentally in recent decades. While research has been undertaken on the trends and causes of residential relocation for different population groups, less attention has been paid to micro‐level processes of residential change, yet the latter underscore urban dynamics. This study addresses this through a survey conducted in Guangzhou in late 2012, which analyzes the spatial flows of residential shifts within and between three distance zones—inner core, inner suburbs and outer suburbs—to reveal complex mobility trends. In particular, hukou or household registration status, socio‐economic status, the nature and rank of employment, and tenure were found to have varied effects on the probability of inward and outward shifts. More specifically, while outward shifts in recent years mainly involved local hukou holders, families with higher education levels, a higher socio‐economic status or those working for government departments and public institutions were found to be more likely to settle in high‐rise commodity housing in the inner core. The majority of non‐hukou migrants, by contrast, moved within the same street or between adjacent streets within the same suburban area, while age, socio‐economic status and homeownership were found to increase an individual's chance of an inward shift.     

A Theory of Socio‐spatial Integration: Problems,Policies and Concepts from a US Perspective

Discussions about socio‐spatial integration in the US have been primarily focused on research into residential segregation. The treatment of these two concepts as opposites has had two consequences. First, most policies for integration have been based solely on concepts of segregation. Second, the intensive criticism directed at integration flows more from those policies than from its conceptual meaning. This article develops a framework for socio‐spatial integration. It does this first by outlining an understanding of segregation and the complexities of its treatment, then by making a distinction between policy applications and the conceptual meaning of integration. This review shows that, rather than suiting a linear approach, socio‐spatial integration can be expressed as a multidimensional relationship that may work independently and at different scales. Socio‐spatial integration is then exposed as the opposite of social exclusion, of which physical proximity between different social groups is just one dimension. Two lines of research are proposed: first, a repositioning of integration as a progressive aspiration and a critique of naturalist conceptions; second, a balancing of the weight of spatial proximity among the different dimensions of integration.     

我国经济格局与收入差距演变关系探讨

对区位基尼系数和收入基尼系数的计算方法讨论后,利用区位基尼系数考查了近年来我国大陆地区经济活动空间格局的变化状况；探讨了混合样本总体收入基尼系数的计算方法,并据此分析了2002-2010年我国收入差距的演变特征.研究发现,2006年前区位基尼系数单调上升,2006年后区位基尼系数单调下降,说明近年我国经济活动集聚与扩散的拐点出现在2006年；而在2002-2010年收入基尼系数表现出波动上升的特征.研究认为,我国经济格局变化对收入差距演变产生滞后影响,相比于区域经济差距问题,缓解收入差距扩大显得更加紧迫.     

利用天然橡胶期现货价差异常波动规律服务橡胶产业发展大局

随着国内天胶期货市场的逐步完善和迅猛发展，期货市场价格发现和规避风险功能日益彰显，套期保值工具为国内众多的天胶生产、贸易以及消费企业提供了规避市场风险的良好途径，也不乏成功案例。该文在回顾历史走势的基础上，着重从期现价差本身的运行特征人手，旨在发现期现价差异常波动规律，为广垦橡胶集团开展贸易型套保业务提供可行建议。     

The effects of the frequency of spatially proximate and distant interaction on innovation by Irish SMEs

This paper tests whether more frequent interaction at different spatial levels has a positive effect on the innovation performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the South-West and South-East of Ireland. Based on an original survey, it finds that more frequent interaction generally increases innovation likelihood, but at a diminishing rate, thus suggesting a trade-off between resources dedicated to transforming knowledge into new products and processes. Spatially distant interaction is found to be at least as valuable as proximate interaction, which questions the received wisdom that the best sources of knowledge are regional. Given the value of distant interaction, the results indicate that regional lock-in may be an obstacle to superior innovation performance of SMEs.     

The integration–differentiation puzzle: a resource-capability perspective in international human resource management

This paper is concerned with the management of the human resource agenda in international business. It begins by examining the critical question of how to balance the organizational need for co-ordination and control (integration) at the centre and the increasing pressures for sensitivity and flexibility (differentiation) at the subsidiary or unit level. A resource-capability (RC) view is then offered to re-examine the integration–differentiation (IN–DI) debate, proposing how firms might resolve some of the dilemmas inherent in IN–Dl decisions by cultivating their stock of knowledge and expertise. This perspective also enables us to assess the underlying paradigmatic foundation upon which strategic decisions in international human resource management are based.     

江苏省医药制造业竞争力的动态偏离-份额模型研究——基于传统模型和空间模型的比较分析

动态偏离-份额传统模型只简单分析国家对研究区域发展的影响,认为研究区域和该国内的其他区域是孤立的。动态偏离-份额空间模型引入了区域与邻近区域之间存在空间相互作用,同时考虑国家、邻近区域对研究区域的综合作用。本文构建了江苏省医药制造业动态偏离-份额模型,将其应用到江苏省2004～2009年医药制造业经济增长分析中,对比传统模型和空间模型结果中的竞争偏离分量,进而提出提高江苏省医药制造业竞争力的建议。     

市场细分理论对大学生思想政治教育工作的启示

大学生思想政治教育工作要以人为本,与时俱进,在发扬传统经验的同时,积极借鉴市场细分理论以消费者为中心的理念,精细满足不同细分群体的需要乃至个体的特殊需要,把教育人、引导人和关心人、帮助人紧密结合起来,不断增强针对性和实效性,提高大学生思想政治教育工作科学化水平。