二元性失业的根源分析

从2008年开始，中国又一次面临比较沉重的就业压力，这次的就业压力具有其突出的特点，是在劳动力供给数量并未出现大幅度增长情况下的二元性失业。从表面上看，沉重的就业压力是以美国次贷危机为起点的世界性金融危机的结果，但其深层次原因却在于分工受阻导致的劳动力吸收能力下降，因此，为分工扩张创造更大的空间，采取以深化分工为导向的政策措施，提升分工水平是解决当前二元性失业问题的基本途径。     

Progression,Stability, or Decline? Sociological Mechanisms Underlying Change in Specialization Among Birdwatchers

Using a panel of American birdwatchers collected in 1997 and 2002, we tested the extent to which birdwatchers progressed over a five-year period. The impact different career contingencies and life course events had on predicting change in birdwatchers' behavior, skill, and commitment was also examined. Findings indicated that although progression characterized some birdwatchers' participation, involvement by others was better characterized by stability or decline, which was true for each of the indicators used to measure specialization. Career contingencies and life course changes had only a moderate influence on predicting change in the specialization indicators over time. Support from family members and retirement were the best predictors of change in specialization.     

民营企业的经营抉择:专业化或多元化

民营企业是专业化发展还是多元化经营,一直困扰着民营企业家。文章认为,目前中国的民营企业正在分化为两大趋势:一部分企业坚守岗位,深化自己产业的深度、纵度、精细化;另一部分企业则开始朝着多元化趋势发展。应根据企业规模、企业在本产业的发展潜力等具体情况,决定发展模式。     

在远程教育下提升教师专业化知识中的价值研究

教师专业化成为教师自身发展的必然要求,已成为世界各国教育者研究的趋势和潮流。通过研究教师专业化的开放性、阶段性、动态性、实践性等特征,分析了远程教育教师应具备素养性知识、条件性知识、行为性知识、实践性知识等知识类别。     

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Abstract

In this study we examined the effect of specialization on behavioral choice among Wisconsin goose hunters, who were able to choose a relatively easy hunt at the Horicon Marsh or a more complex hunt in the exterior zones. Past research has shown that more specialized recreationists have differing motives, attitudes, satisfaction levels, crowding perceptions, environmental preferences, and management preferences. Our goal in this study was to extend this research to behavioral choices and to learn more about the dimensions of specialization in goose hunting. Specialization did not predict behavioral choice among the sample. Specialization, as measured by past experience, commitment, media involvement, club membership, and preferred hunting style, did not differ significantly when comparing Horicon goose hunters and exterior zone hunters. Novice hunters hunted alongside experienced hunters, and behavioral choice appeared to be more a function of structural constraint than attitu‐dinal preference. Specialization did explain differences in hunter judgments of quality, correlating negatively with shooting and bagging and positively with social and natural components of a quality experience. These findings indicate that although the specialization framework can effectively predict attitudinal differences among participants in a given activity, it is less efficient at predicting behavioral choice. Consequently, specialization researchers need to be cautious about inferring levels of specialization from observations of locational choice.     

Minutes of Spring Council Meeting, 1966, of the Catholic Economic Association

Alongside neo-classical supply-side analysis, there was the emergence in the 1980s of a new strand of anlysis seeking to develop a social-institutional perspective on the supply-side of modern industrial economies. This paper contrasts the views of labor market ‘flexibility’ provided by neo-classical analysts and supporters of deregulation with those of the Flexible Specialization and Diversified Quality Production theorists and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of Flexible Specialization in comparison to its main ‘institutionalist’ rival. It concludes that the anlysis of ‘supply-side institutionalism’ and the evidence provided by important empirically based studies, suggests that public policy directed towards: optimizing job training, promoting employee participation and inter-firm co-operation, and restricting the ability of firms to indulge in short-termism will be most productive in promoting the cause of socially progressive industrial production and ‘goodwork’.     

药价虚高博弈分析

药价问题是关系能否顺利建设和谐社会的大事，“药价虚高”已引起各方高度关注，如何才能根治这个问题呢？本文发现医药定价改革的关键是解决医患之间严重的信息不对称问题，为此本文建立了一个序贯均衡博弈模型，给出了解决医患信息不对称的方法：进行医院专业化及建立医德机制。     

Brand Name Audit Pricing,Industry Specialization,and Leadership Premiums post‐Big 8 and Big 6 Mergers*

This paper investigates brand name, industry specialization, and leadership audit pricing in the wake of the mergers that created the Big 6 and the Big 5 accounting firms. For samples of Australian listed public companies in each of the postmerger years 1990, 1992, 1994, and 1998, we estimate national audit fee premiums for the Big 6/5 auditors and the industry specialists and leaders. We find limited support for the ability of the Big 6/5 to obtain fee premiums over non‐Big 6/5 for those industries not having specialist auditors. Nonspecialist Big 6/5 auditors are able to obtain fee premiums over nonspecialist non‐Big 6/5 auditors for those industries having specialist auditors. However, this result only holds among the smaller half of our sample. We do not find strong support for the presence of industry specialist premiums in the postmerger years, especially after 1990, using various definitions of industry specialist. We find, at best, limited support for the presence of industry leadership premiums. The evidence suggests that after the Big 8/6 audit firm mergers, some caution is required in generalizing the Craswell, Francis, and Taylor 1995 finding of national market industry specialist premiums. More generally, the study raises questions about the tenuous link between the concept of specialization and national market‐share statistics.     

关于城市社区管理模式改革的几点设想

城市社区管理模式改革的基本条件已具备;城市社区管理模式改革应适当扩大社区规模,在“自治”原则下,理顺关系,建立起科学的管理与服务体系,并建设一支专业化的城市社区管理队伍。