How does FDI affect domestic firms’ wages? theory and evidence from Vietnam

This paper explores the role of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) as a determinant of domestic firms’ wages, namely wage spillovers. We first construct a theoretical model to demonstrate that the presence of FDI firms affects domestic firms’ expected average wages via productivity spillovers and a cut-off capability. We then estimate FDI-induced wage spillovers by employing IV-GMM estimator with a five-year panel dataset of a growing service industry in Vietnam. Despite FDI firms on average pay 2.25 times that of domestic firms, they put a downward pressure on domestic firms’ wages. A one percent increase in FDI presence causes domestic firms to cut average wages by 2.03 percent. The estimations also find that firm-specific features are attributable to significant differences in their wages as well as FDI-linked wage spillovers.     

中国出口贸易溢出对企业创新能力的影响

本文利用2005-2008年中国工业企业微观数据,研究了出口贸易溢出对企业创新能力的影响。为了修正样本选择偏差问题,文中使用了Heckman两步模型。研究发现,出口贸易水平溢出和后向关联溢出对企业创新可能性和创新数量均有显著的正效应。进一步的研究表明,内资企业是出口贸易溢出的主要来源;外资出口企业的强势竞争力、买方市场势力及其对知识产权的严格保护是外资企业出口溢出对企业创新能力影响较小的主要原因。     

外商直接投资的技术溢出效应研究——技术差距视角下的—个理论模型

本文通过将Barro和Martin的领导者一追随者模型扩展至包含外商投资部门,构建了技术差距对FDI溢出影响的理论模型,并得出如下结论：外资企业通过技术溢出效应提高了东道国企业的生产效率,即FDI的技术溢出效应是存在的;对于存在不同程度技术差距的内外资企业,技术差距对FDI溢出效应的作用不同;当内外资企业技术差距过大时,外资企业技术水平的提高不会产生更显著的技术溢出,反而由于东道国企业难以吸收而抑制外资企业的技术溢出。     

Spatial spillovers and employment growth in the service sector

This article examines the impact of local knowledge spillovers on employment growth in the service sector at both the theoretical and empirical level. It is argued that, in addition to life cycle and tradability effects, spillovers in services are likely to be strongly influenced by distinctive service characteristics and labour-related factors, which impact on the channels through which spillovers are transmitted. Empirical models of employment growth suggest significant differences in spillover effects between industry and services and across public, private, business and personal services. In particular, many services appear to benefit from spillovers arising from a diverse local economy.     

Regional integration and technology diffusion: The case of Uruguay

We examine the impact of trade-related R&D spillovers from the country's partners in the MERCOSUR as well as from the European Union and NAFTA blocs and the rest of the world on total factor productivity for the Uruguayan case at the industry level, for the period 1988–95. Furthermore, we analyse the impact of domestic R&D in Uruguay. There is an evidence of trade-related technology diffusion from MERCOSUR partners to Uruguay, although domestic R&D has apositive impact on productivity. Thus, policies aimed to promote domestic R&D and decreasing trade barriers could enhance Uruguayan manufacturing productivity.     

R&D spillovers through trade in a panel of OECD industries

This paper investigates the significance of Research and Development (R&D) spillovers through intra- and international trade in intermediate goods for productivity growth in a panel of OECD industries during 1973–1994. In the model, four different sources of R&D are identified: R&D conducted in the particular industry itself, R&D conducted in the same industries in other countries, R&D conducted in other domestic industries, and R&D conducted in other foreign industries. I find that among R&D sources the most important contributions to productivity growth come from the domestic R&D efforts. Here, own R&D is important for both domestic innovation and for the productivity catch-up process. Evidence that international R&D spillovers also have significant effects on productivity growth is found to be less robust. My analysis also shows that human capital affects productivity directly as a factor of production.     

Does foreign direct investment transfer technology across borders? New evidence

Based on industry-level data of seventeen OECD countries we examine FDI as a potential channel for knowledge diffusion. We find that FDI-receiving countries benefit strongly from FDI-related knowledge spillovers. We do not find evidence for positive outward-FDI-related technology sourcing effects.     

International R&D Rivalry with Spillovers and Tariff Policies

This paper investigates the effects of R&D spillovers on the R&D choices of foreign exporters when the importing country adopts either uniform or discriminatory alternative tariff regimes. We show that the importing country should optimally choose a uniform tariff regime. A uniform tariff regime is also advantageous for foreign exporters if the R&D spillovers are sufficiently large. A comparison of free trade with the two tariff regimes reveals that there are some situations in which both the importing country and foreign exporters are better off under free trade, which supports trade liberalization.

FDI产业间技术溢出效应的实证研究述评

比较全面地回顾了有关FDI技术溢出效应实证研究的发展。长期以来,实证分析主要针对FDI的产业内效应,而忽视了它的产业间效应。因此着重对近些年来才受到学者们关注的FDI产业间技术溢出效应的相关文献进行了梳理,对其分析角度和实证方法上的突破及更新做了简单的介绍,希望能为我国学者今后的研究提供一点借鉴。     

Foreign Direct Investment and Managerial Knowledge Spillovers through the Diffusion of Management Practices

Although managerial knowledge spillovers have long been claimed to be a major benefit of foreign direct investment (FDI), such spillovers have not yet been systematically analysed. This paper adds to the literature by analysing the nature and extent of managerial knowledge spillovers from FDI through the diffusion of management practices. Taking into account the tacit and explicit elements of management practices and distinguishing between industry and non‐industry specific practices, the paper identifies different types of spillovers and discusses their transmission mechanisms. Evidence from establishment‐level panel data from the UK attests to the existence and significance of intra‐industry, linkage, and non‐linkage based inter‐industry spillovers of managerial knowledge from foreign to local firms, although the strength varies for different types of practices. The spillovers are geographically localized, especially in channels without supply chain linkages. Local firms are selective in the adoption of individual practices and the spillover effects are more significant at the cluster and management system level. Reverse spillovers from local firms to MNEs from industrialized countries appear to be limited despite significant spillovers of practices amongst local firms.