新型农业经营主体面临的特殊困难与政策建议——基于黑龙江省绥化市的实地调查

随着我国新型工业化、信息化、城镇化和农业现代化"四化同步"的发展,农村劳动力大量转移,"谁来种地"的问题日益凸显,新型农业经营主体的发展将解决这个问题。文章基于黑龙江省绥化市的实地调查,科学分析了专业大户、家庭农场、农民专业合作社和龙头企业等新型农业经营主体的发展现状,阐述了他们与普通农户相比所面临的土地流转期限短且价格逐年上涨、生产经营资金缺口大且贷款难等特殊困难,并提出了加快土地确权颁证并完善土地流转利益联结机制等政策建议。     

20世纪50年代我国农业生产合作组织发展回顾与评析

20世纪50年代的农业合作化运动对于中国的经济和社会发展产生了深远的影响。在这一过程中,农业生产合作组织经历了从互助组到初级社再到高级社的历史演变,并最终异化为高度集体化的人民公社。考察这一时期我国的农业生产合作组织,一方面可以正确认识过去,另一方面也有利于从中汲取经验和教训,为推进新时期我国农业的生产合作提供启示。     

农民合作经济组织与和谐农村的构建

建设社会主义和谐社会,必须要有农村社会的和谐。解决千家万户的农民个体经营与千变万化的大市场的矛盾,激活农村经济,构建社会主义新农村,是需要深入研究和探讨的重大课题。新型农民合作经济组织的发展,是着眼于农村内部制度创新、实现小农户和大市场对接的有效途径,这对建设和谐的社会主义新农村有着重大而深远的影响。     

农信社推动社会主义新农村建设的策略选择

发挥农村金融主力军作用,推进社会主义新农村建设,是农村信用社面临的一项重要任务。根据建设社会主义新农村的要求,农村信用社支持新农村建设要有“新思路、新举措、新产品、新方式、新环境”的“五新”战略,以稳步推进社会主义新农村建设。     

农村信用社一级法人社管理模式分析--以陕西省为例

在大量实地调查的基础上,按照我国农村信用社新一轮改革的目标,提出了陕西省农村信用社一级法人社组建成功以后的管理模式,即省联社管理模式、县一级法人社管理模式与信用社基层社管理模式,并论述了各级管理模式的关键环节与主要内容,这一设计思路可以为推进陕西农村信用社管理模式转变提供依据。     

国内农民专业合作社参与扶贫的研究进展

国内对于农民专业合作社参与扶贫的研究主要集中在农民专业合作社的作用、益贫性的表现、扶贫路径、扶贫问题等方面。虽然对于合作社的扶贫绩效有一定的研究,但既缺少较为完善的评价方法,也较少有统一的指标评价体系。另外,也要重点关注农民专业合作社的"空壳化"现象这一问题,并更好的发挥合作社在农业农村及农民生活的积极作用。     

A Note: Reducing Cropland Abandonment in China – Do Agricultural Cooperatives Play a Role?

Cropland abandonment occurring both nationally and globally threatens food security and environmental sustainability. We explore whether agricultural cooperatives help reduce cropland abandonment, using data collected from 5,593 households in 229 villages in China. By estimating a two-stage residual inclusion approach, we provide evidence that the existence of agricultural cooperatives in rural villages reduces the probability of cropland abandonment and the abandonment ratio. Further analysis shows that cooperative effects on cropland abandonment and the abandonment ratio are heterogeneous across geographic locations.     

Big is efficient: Evidence from agricultural cooperatives in Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, there is a renewed interest in agricultural cooperatives as an institutional tool to improve the welfare of smallholder farmers. One of the pathways through which cooperatives benefit their members is scale economies. However, the establishment of cooperatives in Ethiopia seems to pay little attention to the size of the organizations. This article aims at investigating the effect of size on cost efficiency of agricultural cooperatives. More specifically, the purpose is to examine whether a single cooperative can serve a given number of farmers at a lower cost than two or more smaller cooperatives could. We employ the concept of cost subadditivity to compare the cost efficiency of large versus small cooperatives, and by extension unilateral actions. We estimate a flexible production technology using cross‐sectional cooperative‐level data. Findings show that costs would drop by 78% to 181% if farmers join hands in relatively large rather than small cooperatives.     

Neoliberalism and the revival of agricultural cooperatives: The case of the coffee sector in Uganda

Agricultural cooperatives have seen a comeback in sub‐Saharan Africa. After the collapse of many weakly performing monopolist organizations during the 1980s and 1990s, strengthened cooperatives have emerged since the 2000s. Scholarly knowledge about the state–cooperative relations in which this “revival” takes place remains poor. Based on new evidence from Uganda's coffee sector, this paper discusses the political economy of Africa's cooperative revival. The authors argue that donors' and African governments' renewed support is framed in largely apolitical terms, which obscures the contested political and economic nature of the revival. In the context of neoliberal restructuring processes, state and non‐state institutional support to democratic economic organizations with substantial redistributional agendas remains insufficient. The political–economic context in Uganda—and potentially elsewhere in Africa—contributes to poor terms of trade for agricultural cooperatives while maintaining significant state control over some cooperative activities to protect the status quo interests of big capital and state elites. These conditions are unlikely to produce a conflict‐free, substantial, and sustained revival of cooperatives, which the new promoters of cooperatives suggest is under way.     

新联通如何实施规范化管理

新的中国联通成立后,面临融合与发展两方面的压力,本文主要介绍通过实施规范化管理,从理念和行动上促进员工深层融合,通过组织结构调整、流程再造、整章建制等一系列方法,提高工作效率、增强中国联通竞争力。