ISLAMIC FINANCE AS A PROGENITOR OF VENTURE CAPITAL

The antecedents of corporate limited liability are commonly seen to emerge amongst medieval Italian merchant bankers in so‐called commendas, commercial arrangements combining investors and entrepreneurs. Italian merchants trading with the Levant may have adapted the Islamic concept of a risk‐sharing partnership, the qirâd, as a model. Western corporations thus may owe their origins to the influence of Islam's entrepreneurial founder, Mohammed.     

ICP-AES法测定土易溶盐中的CaO、MgO、SO4^2-

文章对土易溶盐的传统分析方法进行了一些改进,建立了ICP-AES测定土易溶盐中CaO、MgO、SO4^2-的方法。方法线性范围CaO为0.1～40 mg/L;MgO为0.02～10 mg/L,SO4^2-为0.2～100 mg/L。方法检出限CaO为0.022 4 mg/L,MgO为0.003 8 mg/L,SO4^2-为0.0279 mg/L。精密度（RSD）CaO为0.99%,MgO为1.71%, SO4^2-为1.66%。回收率（R）为96.0%～103.2%。     

C2C模式下银行与第三方支付平台研究

C2C第三方支付模式是一种最适合我国C2C电子商务发展的支付模式，通过对该模式支付流程及发展历程来研究第三方支付平台与银行，可以看出两者是一种竞争与合作的关系，并针对两者在合作中出现的问题，提出解决建议。     

C2C电子零售商竞争力评价指标体系的应用

本文在C2C电子零售商竞争力评价指标体系得到验证的基础上,进一步提出了C2C电子零售商竞争力评价指标体系的应用方式,以淘宝网站上的五家零售商店为例,将调研数据输入进评价模型,得到了这五家电子零售商点的竞争力,并对其结果加以解释说明,使评价具有可参阅性。     

The Role of Trade and International Economic Policy in Indian Economic Performance*

India's economic policies have undergone major reforms since the early 1990s. Before that, government regulation and control of economic activity was pervasive, and the trade sector did very poorly. One consequence was that imports were highly restricted and their scarcity was itself a major constraint on growth. After the crisis of the early1990s, trade policy was substantially liberalized. In this paper, the pre‐1990s regime is first briefly described. Thereafter, the economic policy reforms that impinged most directly on the trade sector are set forth, and the response of exports and imports to those changes is outlined. Exports have grown rapidly, from about 5% of the gross domestic product to around 15%, and they continue to grow at an average annual rate of 20%. Improved performance of the trade sector has been a major contributing factor to India's dramatically accelerated growth performance. A final section of this paper assesses the current situation, and sets forth the major policy challenges that will need to be met if that performance is to be sustained, if not improved upon.     

IV估计的最优工具变量选取方法

IV估计的有限样本性质对工具变量的选取十分敏感,尤其是存在弱工具变量的情形。本文在Donald和Newey(2001)的基础上研究了常用的IV估计———2SLS的最优工具变量选取方法。首先通过对2SLS估计量进行Nagar分解,从理论上推导出估计量的近似MSE表达式;根据这一表达式,提出IV估计的最优工具变量选取准则,并证明选取准则的渐近有效性。模拟结果表明,本文提出的工具变量选取准则能够极大地改善2SLS估计量的有限样本表现。本研究为实证中面临的工具变量选择问题提供了理论依据。     

Tourism development,energy consumption and Environmental Kuznets Curve: Trivariate analysis in the panel of developed and developing countries

The study investigates the relationship between economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions, tourism development, energy demand, domestic investment and health expenditures with an aim to test the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the panel of three diversified World's region including East Asia & Pacific, European Union and High income OECD and Non-OECD countries. The study covers the period of last nine years i.e. 2005–2013. The study used the principal component analysis (PCA) to construct tourism development index which is the amalgamation of number of tourists' arrivals, tourism receipts and international tourism expenditures. The results validate the inverted U-shaped relationship between carbon emissions and per capita income in the region. The results further substantiate the following causal relationships i.e. i) tourism-induced carbon emissions, ii) energy-induced emissions, iii) investment – induced emissions, iv) growth led tourism, v) investment led tourism and vi) health led tourism development in the region.     

基于PCA与2DPCA的少数民族人脸识别比较

本文将2DPCA算法应用于人脸识别,在自制的少数民族人脸库上进行实验,与PCA人脸识别算法进行比较。实验表明2DPCA优于PCA。