跨境垂直专业化影响因素分析

随着产业组织片段化分解及全球布局的进一步深化,垂直专业化分工成为国际分工的重要形式。东盟作为中国第三大贸易伙伴,也是中国产能输出及构建自己主导的区域生产网络的重点区域。在综合利用跨境投入产出与国际贸易数据对中国-东盟制造业垂直专业化分工进行分行业测度的基础上,运用分行业面板数据分析了中国-东盟制造业垂直专业化分工影响因素,发现行业市场结构或市场集中度是最重要的影响因素,研发投入与技术投入密集度、产业开放度也是中国-东盟制造业垂直专业化分工的重要影响因素。     

中欧制造业产品内贸易对中国绿色技术溢出效应的影响

为分析贸易对绿色技术的传递作用，基于中间品贸易的技术溢出机制，选取2000—2019年中欧15个细分制造业数据，使用OECD环境技术专利数据库计算欧盟和中国绿色技术知识存量，从产品内贸易视角研究垂直专业化分工对中国绿色技术溢出的影响。结果表明：第一，产品内贸易具有显著正向溢出效应，且通过垂直专业化分工调节，绿色技术的行业溢出效应进一步放大；第二，相较于进口，产品内出口通过产业规模集聚表现出更为显著的出口学习效应，非物化型前沿环保技术更容易通过产品内出口向中国转移；第三，专业化分工对制造业内绿色技术创新能力的推动作用存在行业异质性。因此，中国应加强与环保技术领先国的产品内贸易，通过模仿学习不断吸收物化于产品中的环保工艺，从而推动本国绿色技术迭代和更新。     

Do specialist funds outperform? Evidence from European non-listed real estate funds

This study aims to determine if specialization led to higher financial performance for European non-listed real estate funds. Funds may either specialize in a particular country and/or property type or manage a broadly diversified portfolio. The findings suggest that after adjusting for relevant performance drivers, both country specialization and country-sector specialization are associated with superior returns while sector specialization is not. The outperformance of country and country-sector specialist funds was particularly pronounced during the recovery and growth period of European real estate markets from 2010 to 2019.     

Gains from Specialization and Free Agency: The Story from the Gridiron

In the field of personnel economics, there are few opportunities to convincingly test for salary returns to specialization as against versatility. This paper performs such a test by modeling returns to performance measures associated with two different skills practiced by running backs in the National Football League. We find gains to both specialization and free agency with substantial predicted differences in returns for alternative skills. These differences vary across the salary distribution. In the top half of the salary distribution, model simulations show that specialists in either particular skill generate higher marginal returns than do versatile players.     

Cross-national differences in cognitive style: implications for management

An important obstacle to productive working relationships between managers from different countries may be cross-cultural variations in cognitive style. This study examined the traditional dichotomy between the 'intuitive' East and the rational or 'analytic' West. A total of 394 managers from six nations and 360 management students from five nations completed the Cognitive Style Index, a self-report measure of the intuitive-analytic dimension. Reliability coefficients suggested that the properties of the instrument are broadly consistent across cultures. Comparison of mean scores showed that the most intuitive groups were located in the Anglo, North European and European Latin slices of Hickson and Pugh's 'culture cake', and the most analytic were in the Developing Countries and Arab categories. On the basis of these findings, it is argued that it may be more fruitful to classify nations in terms of their stage of industrial development rather than the hemisphere in which they are located. Ways of overcoming difficulties in encounters between managers from different cultures may include training in how to identify, respond to and change cognitive styles, and the selection of individuals or management teams whose styles are compatible with those of their foreign counterparts.     

INFORMATION SEARCH BEHAVIORS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS FOR SPRING BREAK TRIP IN THE USA: AN APPLICATION OF SPECIALIZATION CONCEPT

The purpose of this study was to identify information search behaviors of college student travelers by applying the concept of specialization. Dividing the college travelers into groups of high‐, medium‐, and low‐leveled specialization, the research investigated the perceived value of information content and information sources, and identified the main information sources used to obtain information for their recent spring break trips. It was observed that the different specialization groups assigned different values to information content and sources. The differences in the choice of information channel also appear to be substantial. As a result, the findings of this study supported the idea that the specialization concept can be used as an alternative approach to segment travelers in a more comprehensive way, which combines past experience, prior knowledge, and involvement that are important to classify travelers.     

产品内国际分工、区际一体化与生产性服务业集聚——基于我国1995~2011年省级面板数据的研究

基于我国30个省市1995~2011年的数据,从全国和区域两个层面就产品内国际分工、区际一体化对中国生产性服务业集聚的影响进行的实证分析显示：相较于区际一体化,产品内国际分工对我国生产性服务业集聚的促进作用较小,而且这一促进作用目前只在东部地区有所显现。这说明现阶段我国整体仍处于全球价值链低端的情况下,生产性服务业集聚发展更大程度上依赖于国内区域市场的整合;产品内国际分工与区际一体化对生产性服务业集聚的影响,在总体上呈现出相互促进和加强的关系。这意味着随着国内区际一体化进程的不断推进和地区间分工合作关系的进一步增强,产品内国际分工对我国各地区生产性服务业集聚发展的促进作用将得到更充分发挥。     

中国参与跨国公司垂直专业化的地位测算

本文基于来自中国的数据,改进了传统的测算垂直专业化的指标,将FDI因素引入指标设计中,建立了从投入产出系数矩阵中分离跨国公司生产和进口的中间投入品的方法,测算了FDI对一国参与垂直专业化的影响。文章结论是:中国在跨国公司价值链上所处的分工地位是为其提供附加值较低的中间投入品和最终品的中低端垂直专业化地位;FDI对我国参与由跨国公司主导的垂直专业化的影响十分显著。     

安徽专业化农机市场的发展研究

安徽既是农业大省,又是农机大省,但与其他农业大省相比,在农机市场流通领域方面还存在一定的差距,市场发展空间十分广阔。文章通过对安徽农机事业发展现状和未来趋势的分析,阐明安徽建设农机专业化市场的必要性和可行性。     

泛长三角区域内产业分工与产业转移——来自四省一市的经验研究

本文利用区位基尼系数、制造业平均集中率和地区专业化指数三个指标,综合分析了1998～2009年间泛长三角地区四省一市29个两位数制造业产业分工与产业转移的时空演变特征。研究结果表明:近年来,促进产业扩散的离心力开始凸显,泛长三角区域内部分制造业开始由上海、江苏、浙江向周边的安徽、江西地区转移,制造业已经呈现出先集聚后扩散的倒U型趋势;产业逐步转移的同时,泛长三角地区间的产业分工程度不断上升。