完善中国商业银行汇率风险管理之对策

随着人民币汇率体制改革和银行业发展进程的加快,国内商业银行的外汇敞口风险、客户外汇风险和折算风险日益显著,汇率风险管理面临着机遇与挑战。国内商业银行应在新的汇率机制下尽快转变风险管理理念,在较为准确地对汇率风险进行识别和计量的基础上,充分利用汇率体制改革深化所创造的有利条件和金融创新的契机,对汇率风险进行主动的控制和管理,最终建立全面的汇率风险管理体系,真正实现获取风险收益的现代商业银行经营模式。     

创业型经济与中小企业管理持续创新

管理科学知识的广泛应用和市场经济体制的逐步建立,催生了我国的创业型经济;创业型经济的快速发展,客观上要求中小企业管理必须持续创新。面对竞争日趋激烈的国内外市场和日新月异的知识经济,为了生存发展,把企业做大做强,中小企业必须持续进行管理思想、管理模式、管理体系、管理内容、管理方法和管理手段的创新,逐步实现企业知识化、信息化和管理科学化、现代化,最终全面提升企业管理水平和核心竞争能力。     

基于企业家行为动机的中小企业群落式衍生

本文以嵊州领带产业集群中小企业群落式衍生为案例,分析了中小企业经营骨干辞职创办新企业的行为动机，综合考虑经济、风险态度、个人的主观偏好和其他社会性效用等不同的偏好对选择成为企业家的影响．提出企业家动机各因素对企业家活动的影响关系。     

Schema strength,processing opportunity,and the rewarding nature of incongruity resolution in advertising

Extant literature calls for more research to identify the boundary conditions as well as the process underlying the effects of ad messages that violate specific brand beliefs. This paper examines different levels of ad–brand incongruity, considering brand schema strength and processing opportunity as factors that influence the perception and the resolution of incongruity. Moreover, it provides empirical evidence for the process mediating attitudinal responses to ad–brand incongruity. Experiment 1 shows superiority for moderately incongruent ads over congruent and extremely incongruent ads which is eliminated when participants have a weak, as opposed to a strong, brand schema. Experiment 2 replicates the nonmonotonic pattern for strong, real brands but further shows that low processing opportunity favors congruent ads. Mediation analysis reveals that the psychological satisfaction experienced during the ad interpretation process has an asymmetric mediating effect, such that moderate levels of ad–brand incongruity generate highest levels of satisfaction which then leads to more positive responses.     

Community participation in World Heritage Site conservation and tourism development

This study investigates the factors contributing to community participation in a World Heritage Site (WHS) using Motivation, Opportunity, and Ability (MOA) model. We examined the effects of these factors on three levels of community participation. The findings showed that motivation had the greatest positive effect on the low level of community participation. Opportunity had the greatest effect on the high level of community participation. Among the dimensions of ability, namely awareness and knowledge, the findings showed that more aware residents were more interested in low level of community participation, whereas residents with more knowledge were more interested in high level of community participation. This study contributes to the tourism development and WHS conservation and management literature by examining the effects of MOA factors on three levels of community participation. Moreover, this study has a number of practical implications for local authorities in terms of community participation.     

机会成本、历史成本和固定成本* ——基于主观主义经济学的解释

新古典经济学在成本的论述上，并没有坚持机会成本观，与其“个人选择”的逻辑起点冲突。而主观主义经济学在成本观阐述上，坚持了“个人选择”。本文以主观主义经济学的思想为前提，采用逻辑演绎的方式系统论证了如下命题：（1）如果“机会成本”等同于效用，那么，非货币性收益是如何从证券定价函数中消失的？（2）记录企业过去行为结果的历史成本制度，在什么前提下，能够传递出对证券定价有用的信息？（3）固定成本和变动成本是否会导致个体决策上的差异？本文得到如下结论：（1）陌生人社会的崛起，委托人和代理人之间非货币性收益的不可转让性，导致对证券的定价，无需考虑非货币性收益；（2）在企业的最终产出受到人力资本异质性和外部资源冲击，而这两者无法直接定价时，记录企业过去一段时间的行为结果，将有助于间接预测不同证券持有的机会成本；（3）受制于要素交易契约形式的外生性和市场按类别交易，固定成本与变动成本将会带来不同的决策风险，进而需要对其做出区分。     

创业导向、外部知识获取与创业机会识别

创业活动是创新、就业和经济增长的重要来源。企业家通过持续探索创造新业务，促进社会和经济的发展和繁荣。本文基于资源基础理论和知识基础理论，以大众创业浪潮为研究背景，深入揭示创业导向、外部知识获取与创业机会识别之间的关系，并以中国246份创业新企业为样本进行了实证研究。研究结果表明：创业导向对新企业的机会识别和外部知识获取均具有积极影响；外部知识获取在创业导向和新企业的机会识别之间起到部分中介作用；此外，市场知识获取比技术知识获取对创业机会识别的影响更为突出。     

Microfoundations of network exploration and exploitation capabilities in international opportunity recognition

While international entrepreneurship (IE) recognizes opportunity recognition (OR) as a central activity and the prominent role of network capabilities in OR, it is not informative as to how different network capabilities influence OR in international markets. We utilize dual network capability through the lens of exploration-exploitation to better understand how these two different capabilities influence the identification of international opportunities. Given that microfoundations perspective and prior experience in IE are under-developed and under-theorized, we explore founder’s prior experience as an essential microfoundation for the dual network capability. By employing structural equation modeling on a sample of 647 early internationalizing firms from a developing country, the study demonstrates that founders’ prior experience is a significant microfoundation of dual network capability in international OR. However, both exploration and exploitation capabilities fail to bring new opportunities in a changing market environment. A post-hoc analysis reveals that at a higher level of market change, younger firms benefit more from network exploration, whereas older firms achieve greater success when leveraging benefits from network exploitation. The study concludes with implications and future research avenues.     

大健康产业视野下基于基地建设的医药创业人才培养模式研究

近年来“大中药”、“大健康”中医药产业化方面取得了卓越的成绩，为加速健康产业发展注入强心剂，也将对高等医药院校人才培养模式产生深刻影响。高等医药院校应借助国家大力发展健康服务业的契机，突破传统人才培养模式，结合校情，逐步完善跨专业、跨学科、研究与开发应用结合，产学研结合，校内外结合的创新创业复合型人才培养模式，输送求创新、能创业的医药高级人才，解决就业问题的同时，促进医药产业发展。     

EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY: EAST VS. WEST GERMANY

The case of German reunification has been subject to extensive research on earnings inequality and labour market integration. However, little is known about the development of equality of opportunity (EOp) in East and West Germany after 1990. Using German micro data, we empirically analyse how circumstances beyond the sphere of individual control relate to inequality in East and West Germany. Our results show that EOp is larger in East than in West Germany. However, despite increasing income inequality, EOp remained surprisingly constant.