高温巴氏杀菌乳工艺及品质研究

巴氏杀菌乳采用低温杀菌技术,在杀灭有害微生物的同时完好保留了营养物质和较好的口感,但其货架期短、耐贮性差;超高温灭菌乳采用超高温瞬时杀菌,货架期长,但其口感及营养成分受到了高温杀菌的影响.本文通过对高温杀菌乳工艺进行研究,并对其活性成分进行检测,分析杀菌参数和活性物质,得出最佳生产高温杀菌乳的工艺参数.     

Effectiveness of Capital Controls and Sterilizations in China

Since 2003, China has been facing a trilemma of determining how to maintain independent monetary policy and limit exchange rate flexibility simultaneously, while facing persistent and substantial international capital flows. The present paper is an empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of China＇s sterilizations and capital mobility regulations, measured by sterilization and offset coefficients, respectively, using monthly data between mid-1999 and March 2009. We find that the effectiveness of China＇s sterilizations is almost perfect in terms of the monetary base, but not in terms of M2, and that China＇s capital controls still work but are not quite effective. Recursive estimation reveals that increasing mobility of capital flows and decreasing effectiveness of sterilizations might undercut China＇s ability to maintain monetary autonomy and domestic currency stability simultaneously. To solve the trilemma smoothly, China＇s monetary authority should continue to relax the management of the exchange rate, and take further steps towards deregulation of capital outflows.     

Capital Flows,Sterilization, and Macro-Prudential Policy in China

This article estimates the sterilization coefficients of the subcomponents of reserves in China over time with recursive regressions. The results suggest that People’s Bank of China tended to sterilize the more fluctuating components of capital inflows: FDI inflows received little attention, while non-FDI and current account had been heavily sterilized. After including the subcomponents of non-FDI into the empirical model, the results demonstrate that issuing bonds was successful in sterilization intervention till 2007Q2, while the effectiveness of sterilization policies was limited since then, resulting in an increase in monetary supply. The excessive money did not flow into the circulation and had limited effects on stimulating the real economy.     

Is Malaysia exempted from the impossible trinity? An empirical analysis for an emerging market

This paper estimates offset and sterilization coefficients in Malaysia with the objective to assess the relevance of the Impossible Trinity for policy. The paper finds that Malaysia had scope for independent monetary policy in the short run; but in the longer run only under managed floating or capital controls. The loss of long-run monetary autonomy under peg/open capital was in line with the trinity, and may be one reason the peg was eventually abandoned for managed floating in year 2005. The results suggest that managed floating with sterilizations could be a viable monetary strategy for emerging markets facing volatile capital flows.     

水浴式灭菌柜停电处理方法的模拟验证

确定并建立最终灭菌的无菌制剂在灭菌过程中出现停电状况时的处理方法。采用在产品灭菌过程中人为断电进行模拟验证,结果发现:在停电时,通过采用后备电源给灭菌柜的监控系统提供不间断供电的方式,可使灭菌柜监控系统持续监控产品的灭菌状态并记录数据,并能够在一定时间内保持灭菌状态。验证得出结论:在正常生产过程中出现停电情况,通过采用后备电源给灭菌柜的监控系统提供不间断供电的方式,可使灭菌柜监控系统在外界停止供电的情况下,实现持续对正在灭菌的产品的状态监控、实时记录灭菌数据,并且不用将灭菌的控制模式由自动切换到手动,避免了F_0值的归零,从而使F_0值的计算得以延续。在保温和密封良好的情况下,在一定的时间范围内被灭菌产品能维持灭菌状态,并达到灭菌要求。     

外汇占款与通货膨胀率关系研究

基于货币数量理论研究外汇占款对通货膨胀的影响有重大意义。首先采用VAR模型和Granger因果关系模型研究外汇占款、货币供应量和通货膨胀率之间的相互影响状况,同时运用脉冲响应模型和方差分解技术研究变量受系统内变量冲击的反应和波动情况。其次进行货币冲销有效性检验,结果显示:央行的货币冲销政策完全有效,货币冲销力度大约为-0.6,货币冲销弹性大于1,从整体来看,货币冲销有效性呈现弱递减趋势。     

我国央行票据冲销操作的实证研究

随着我国外汇储备的激增,近几年,央行票据已经成为中央银行进行冲销操作、回收基础货币最重要的手段。通过运用VAR模型对央行票据冲销操作进行实证检验,研究表明:央行票据的货币冲销效果在短期内是非中性的,它通过影响基础货币和货币市场利率作用于货币供给量;长期内央行票据冲销操作对货币供给量的影响趋于中性,不具有可持续性。     

Macroeconomic impacts of China’s foreign exchange reserve accumulation: a vector autoregression analysis using pure-sign-restriction approach

This study employs pure-sign-restriction approach analysing the macroeconomic impacts of foreign reserve accumulation and discusses the foreign exchange sterilization behaviour of the People’s Bank of China (PBoC). Sign restriction analysis shows that the effects of reserve accumulation shock are initially ambiguous on all variables, but later a positive influence only on base money can be observed. With regard to sterilization intervention, the effect is significant even though it degrades gradually over time. In China, the monetary authority actively undertakes sterilization intervention in order to remove the influence of passive release of base money caused by foreign reserve accumulation.     

低温等离子体杀菌技术研究现状

作为一种新兴技术,低温等离子杀菌技术属于非热杀菌技术,又因其杀菌速度快,杀菌效率较高,有利于保持食品原本的风味而有较大的市场推广价值。本文对低温等离子杀菌技术在食品中的应用研究进行综述,介绍了低温等离子体杀菌技术的机理假说以及这项技术在食品领域的研究进展。