A Stochastic Frontier Production Function with Flexible Risk Properties

This paper considers a stochastic frontier production function which has additive, heteroscedastic error structure. The model allows for negative or positive marginal production risks of inputs, as originally proposed by Just and Pope (1978). The technical efficiencies of individual firms in the sample are a function of the levels of the input variables in the stochastic frontier, in addition to the technical inefficiency effects. These are two features of the model which are not exhibited by the commonly used stochastic frontiers with multiplicative error structures.An empirical application is presented using cross-sectional data on Ethiopian peasant farmers. The null hypothesis of no technical inefficiencies of production among these farmers is accepted. Further, the flexible risk models do not fit the data on peasant farmers as well as the traditional stochastic frontier model with multiplicative error structure.     

Productivity Growth, Efficiency and Outsourcing in Manufacturing and Service Industries

This paper is a survey of recent contributions to, and developments of, the relationship between outsourcing, efficiency and productivity growth in manufacturing and services. The objective is to provide a thorough and up–to–date survey that provides a significant discussion on data, as well as on the core methods of measuring efficiency and productivity. First, the readers are introduced to the measurement of partial and total factor productivity growth. Different parametric and non–parametric approaches to the productivity measurement in the context of static, dynamic and firm–specific modelling are discussed. Second, we survey the econometric approach to efficiency analysis. The issues of modelling, distributional assumptions and estimation methods are discussed assuming that cross–sectional or panel data are available. Third, the relationship between outsourcing and productivity growth in manufacturing and services is discussed. The correspondence between a number of hypotheses and empirical findings are examined. Examples of varieties of relevant empirical applications, their findings and implications are presented. Fourth, measurement of inputs and outputs in manufacturing and services are discussed. Finally, to promote useful research, a number of factors important to the analysis of outsourcing, efficiency and productivity growth in the service sector are summarised.     

技术专家办企业的农业生物技术推广模式探讨

技术推广模式是关系到科技成果转化和相关产业稳定发展的重要因素.在对我国原有四种农业技术推广模式分析的基础上,构建和完善了技术专家领衔办企业的农业生物技术推广模式及运行机制,并对这种模式的未来发展定位问题进行了探讨.     

道德风险存在下董事责任保险市场的保费水平分析

本文通过对董事责任保险市场的介绍,指出在董事责任保险市场中存在着严重的道德风险问题,通过对市场中保险双方行为的博弈分析,得到在道德风险存在下的保费变动范围,并指出防止或减轻董事责任保险市场中道德风险的方法.     

技术变革与经济学研究的理论创新

以大机器为代表的工具技术变革和由此而诞生的现代工业经济体系,以及建立在工业及后工业时代基础之上的传统经济学理论,已经无法适应建立在数字技术、基因技术变革基础之上的新经济发展的实践。在传统经济学理论基础之上,构筑与新经济时代相适应的经济学理论体系,实现经济学研究的理论创新,是当代经济学人的重要历史使命。     

解读双重贸易技术壁垒:专利与标准的整合

本文通过考察当前国际贸易中日益盛行的双重贸易技术壁垒现象,提出了专利的标准趋势观,并进行了专利与标准的关联分析以阐释双重壁垒的成因及其杠杆效用,文末提供了一些应对思考,以助力企业对双重壁垒的成功跨越。     

加强档案信息化建设,提高医院档案管理工作水平的思考

如今是现代化社会,在医院的管理规划中最重要的组成部分之一就是信息化建设,该项工作对于医院其他各项工作的开展来说起到至关重要的作用,特别是对于医院的档案管理。论文首先对医院档案信息化建设的必要性和重要性进行简单概述,再对其价值和地位进行了进一步探究,希望对未来我国医院档案信息管理工作的开展有所助益。     

Efficiency measurement with multiple outputs and multiple inputs

This paper discusses modeling technical and allocative inefficiencies in both cost minimizing and profit maximizing frameworks with special emphasis on multiple inputs and multiple outputs. Both primal and dual models are considered for this purpose. In the primal approach we use a separable output and input function (the constant elasticity of transformation output function and Cobb-Douglas input function). The dual models assume translog cost or profit functions. Technical inefficiency is assumed to be random in the cross-sectional models, and fixed firm-specific parameter in the panel data models. Allocative inefficiencies are always treated as input-specific parameters. We derive exact relations linking technical inefficiency and allocative inefficiencies to cost and profit when the underlying technology is represented by a flexible functional form such as the translog. It is shown that appending a one-sided homoscedastic error term to model technical inefficiency, or neglecting technical inefficiency altogether in a translog profit tunciton results in model misspecification and inconsistent parameter estimates.     

论我国物流机械制造企业技术真空的形成及解决途径

阐述了当前我国物流机械制造业所面临的问题和现状,分析并提出了物流机械制造企业今后努力及其发展方向。     

基于模糊层次分析的供应链绩效评价

供应链管理的绩效评价,对于供应链运作和管理是至关重要的.本文在对供应链上单个企业的绩效评价指标的局限性的分析基础上,阐述了供应链指标体系作用及设计原则,并构建了供应链绩效评价指标体系,同时利用层次分析法确定各指标的权重,最后运用模糊综合评价方法从定量的角度对企业绩效评价方法进行研究,并给出评价过程.