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121.
David Pearce 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2007,37(1):313-333
This paper addresses from an economic perspective the issue of global biodiversity conservation. It challenges the perception
that the world really cares a great deal about biodiversity and is prepared to pay the full cost of maintaining this stock
of natural capital. Despite the existence of a plethora of international agreements there still seems to be a global ‘deficit
of care’ surrounding efforts to combat challenges such as those posed by global warming and biodiversity conservation. More
light can be thrown on the degree of care by measuring both the actual expenditures and the stated willingness to pay for
biodiversity conservation. However, actual expenditures are much lower than willingness to pay estimates recorded in the published
literature. Using the criteria that the ‘right’ amount of conservation effort is one where the marginal economic benefits
from conservation just equal the marginal costs of conservation, the paper explores the biodiversity conservation conundrum
and concluded that, on the available evidence, the world does not care too much about this natural capital stock and bequests
to future generations.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
122.
Is Meta-Analysis a Noah's Ark for Non-Market Valuation? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper describes meta-analytical methods as they have been appliedto non-market valuation research. These studies have
been used to reviewand synthesize literature and, more recently, in benefit transfer. Thissecond use imposes a higher standard
on the consistency in economicconcepts being summarized and in the resources included in ameta-analysis. To meet this need,
the paper proposes and illustrates astructural framework using a generalized method of moments estimator toestimate the parameters
of a preference function with the benefitsestimates usually encountered in meta-analytic summaries. 相似文献
123.
建湖县运用生态学原理,充分发挥资源潜力,建立了几种林─农复合生态系统,结构合理,能流物流流通合理、利用充分,取得了很好的生态效益与经济效益。 相似文献
124.
We provide an overview and introduction to the emerging field of trade and renewable resources, and discuss the potential impact of trade liberalization on welfare and resource conservation. A key factor determining the effect of trade reform is the institutional context or property rights regime, and our survey is organized such that it loosely follows the development of new insights with respect to institutions in this literature. This implies a transition from the benevolent planners model to the polar opposite benchmark of open access in the 1990s. Currently the pendulum is swinging back towards management and regulation, but institutions are treated as endogenous. We discuss and compare various key models in some detail and search for common ground between protagonists and antagonists of free trade.
Paper based on Keynote address by Erwin Bulte, 12th Annual Conference of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, Bilbao (Spain), June 28–30, 2003. 相似文献
125.
开放条件下我国外贸政策的定位及体系构建 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
具有渐进性、法制化和市场化特征的我国外贸体制改革以及贸易自由化与贸易保护并存的对外开放 ,要求我国对外贸易政策应该是在贸易自由化过程中的合理保护———开放型有管理的自由贸易政策。这一政策应遵循开放、适度有效的保护和竞争的原则 ,其政策基点是贸易保护的适度性 ,表现为保护的动态性、主动性、目的性和差别性。我国开放型有管理的自由贸易政策的实施应有体制上的保障 ,以扩大出口为主要政策目标 ,并与产业政策相结合 ,真正促进社会资源的有效配置 ,保证社会经济效益的提高并促进市场秩序的完善。 相似文献
126.
基于DEA方法的高校办学效益评价指标体系研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
介绍了建立DEA模型输入输出指标体系的原则,在对高校投入产出进行全面分析的基础上,对高校办学效益DEA评价指标体系进行了探讨. 相似文献
127.
128.
我国绿色食品出口贸易中存在的问题及对策探析 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
20世纪90年代以来,绿色食品贸易在全球兴起并已成为人类社会可持续发展的必然选择。然而,尽管在国内绿色食品生产日益社会化、市场化、国际化的背景下,我国绿色食品已经呈现出蓬勃发展的良好态势,但出口数量和出口规模还是偏低。本文在分析我国绿色食品出口中存在的问题及原因的基础上,探索相应的对策,以期为我国绿色食品竞争优势的提升提供有益的思路。 相似文献
129.
我国外贸技术溢出效应的国别差异分析 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
技术溢出是发展中国家追赶发达国家的重要路径,溢出的渠道包括国际贸易、FDI、R&D合作、国外R&D投资等。我们运用经拓展后的Coe&Helpman的贸易溢出计量模型,试图将我国从商品贸易以及FDI中所获得的技术溢出纳入同一模型中加以综合分析,并对贸易带来的技术溢出效应进行国别差异分析,以判断不同类型国家对我国吸收技术溢出效应的影响。并在此基础上,提出了相应的政策建议。 相似文献
130.
János Gács 《Empirica》1994,21(1):83-104
The direct effect of market losses in CMEA on Hungarian output was 4%, out of the 18% decline registered in gross output in 1988–1992. Total (direct and indirect) effects amounted to 8%. In the same period Hungary's export expansion in western markets led to direct and total effects equivalent to 2.9% and 5.6% of the 1988 output, respectively. The share of reorientation within this switch from east to west was not negligible, it amounted to 19% of respective trade volumes. The 1991 price explosion of imported inputs inhibited the activity of Hungarian firms only moderately, due to earlier realistic domestic prices. In 1991 Hungary suffered a 26% terms of trade loss, and could have experienced an income terms of trade loss of USD 1400 to 1600 million, had the trade volume of 1990 been repeated. Since adjustments in 1991, much smaller income losses accrued. Due to earlier special tax arrangements, much of the burden of terms of trade losses had to be born by the budget. 相似文献