The determinants of poverty dynamics in Indonesia: evidence from panel data

We use the ‘spell’ approach to identifying poverty and apply an ordered logit model to examine the determinants of poverty dynamics in Indonesia, categorising households as poor, transient poor (–), transient poor (+) or non-poor. Observing the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) balanced-panel data sets of 2005 and 2007, we found that 28% of poor households are classified as chronically poor (that is, remaining poor in two periods) while 7% of non-poor households are vulnerable to being transient poor (–). Our estimations confirmed that the determinants of poverty dynamics in Indonesia are educational attainment, the number of household members, physical assets, employment status, health shocks, the microcredit program, access to electricity, and changes in employment sector, employment status and the number of household members. We also found that households in Java–Bali are more vulnerable to negative shocks than those outside Java–Bali.     

Climate change in Northern Sweden: intra-regional perceptions of vulnerability among winter-oriented tourism businesses

Climate change is a potential threat to society and business. Although research has noted that the tourism sector may be robust on the macro scale, significant losses at local levels have been suggested. This paper examines Upper Norrland, in Northern Sweden, by measuring the perceptions of winter-oriented tourism entrepreneurs. Their perceptions of potential threats from climate change are assessed, including how entrepreneurs view the future, in terms of climate change impacts and sustainability of the region as a winter-tourism destination. A quantitative survey of entrepreneurs (n = 63) gave responses along geographical and operator dimensions to reveal local differences within the Upper Norrland region, showing the coastland to be perceived as more exposed to change than inland areas. Venue-based businesses see climate change as a higher priority than activity-based, potentially mobile, businesses, regardless of their location. The general perception among businesses is that climate change will not drastically impact the tourism sector over the next 10 years. A basic model for mapping local differences is outlined to stimulate further study of the under-researched intra-regional nuances in climate change and tourism research. A case is made for regional planners to use this tool and to educate local businesses on adaptation techniques.     

草原生态补偿机制下 天祝县农牧民生计脆弱性评估

本文以可持续生计框架中的生计资本为研究侧重点,在草原生态补偿机制实施的政策背景下,通过对天祝县农牧民调查获得数据,量化分析农牧民生计资本及其脆弱性类型和程度。研究表明,分析单一农牧民家庭生计脆弱性,可划分农牧民生计脆弱性类型为单一生计资本匮乏型和多元生计资本匮乏型;综合分析农牧民家庭生计脆弱性发现生计资本总体仍较为脆弱,其中金融资本最为脆弱,自然资本次之,人力资本处于中间位置,物质资本和社会资本相对较高。     

Tourism,climate change and adaptation: a review

The relationship between tourism and changing climate has been discussed and studied for a relatively long time in tourism research. Over the past 15 years, more focused studies have begun to appear, and especially recently, the issue of adaptation has been emphasised as an urgent research need in tourism and climate change studies. This paper is based on a systematic review of the tourism and adaptation literature prior to 2012. It discusses adaptation challenges, the dimensions of vulnerability in a tourism context and the implications of such studies on communities. By dividing the current adaptation studies into business; consumer; destination; and policy- and framework-focused theme areas and traditions, the paper concludes that adaptation studies in tourism have so far had a limited focus on community perceptions, which in general has been an area of major interest in tourism research. More emphasis on community-based research in relation to tourism and climate change allows highly contextual adaptation challenges to be met in a more sustainable way.     

电力应急体系的脆弱性评价研究

近些年来我国发生多起大规模的停电事件,给我国的电力应急管理发起了巨大的挑战。本文介绍了电力应急体系脆弱性常见的评价方法,并且应用电力应急体系的综合指标方法对电力应急体系的脆弱性进行了评价和研究。     

我国经济系统脆弱性与可持续发展牵扯:15年样本

运用集对分析法和熵值法从敏感性和应对性两个角度对1995~2009年我国经济系统脆弱性进行分析。研究表明:在1995~2009年我国经济系统脆弱性呈不断下降趋势,说明经济系统安全性和可持续能力在不断增强。但从敏感性看,困扰我国经济发展的问题却不减反增,增加了经济脆弱性上升的内在倾向。化解经济危机、降低经济脆弱性应克服就业、消费与投资、研发支出,以及能源环境问题等主要障碍,迅速提升经济系统应对性。     

沿海地区受台风影响的易损性指标体系与应急管理策略

台风灾害一直是威胁我国沿海地区经济社会发展的一个重大障碍。构建承灾体的社会经济易损性评价指标体系,运用统计学方法对沿海地区受台风影响的社会经济易损性进行实证分析后发现,我国沿海地区受台风影响的社会经济易损性空间分布不均匀。台风灾害频发的沿海地方政府应通过制定防台应急预案,构建全面的应急预警体系,建立统一的自然灾害信息系统和信息公开机制,引入政策性金融工具建立灾后恢复、补偿的财政保障机制,从而构建一个专门针对台风灾害的应急响应机制。     

供应链脆弱性研究评述

供应链是企业最直接的生存环境,供应链脆弱性指供应链层面上因供应链环境的动态性和供应链内部的复杂性而使其易受外界干扰的缺陷。供应链脆弱性能导致供应链中断,使供应链风险变为现实,从而严重影响供应链企业及供应链整体绩效,供应链脆弱性及其应对措施研究具有重要意义。而由于供应链脆弱性研究历史较短,需要做的工作很多,任务非常艰巨。文章在对供应链脆弱性研究现状进行概括与总结的基础上指出,今后应进一步加强对供应链脆弱性形成原因、评价指标、应对措施及实践热点等问题的研究,为今后的工作理清思路。     

基于系统科学的中国粮食安全评价研究

中国的粮食安全问题不仅关系着国家发展,也影响着世界粮食市场。该文采用系统论的方法,将粮食安全系统分解为自然系统、支撑系统和调配系统3个子系统,以存在性、自由性、有效性、稳定性、适应性作为基础指示器,分析评价粮食系统中各个环节的安全脆弱因子及其相互作用机制,并建立其评价指标体系和区域粮食安全系统安全评价模型。在此基础上,以县级行政区为研究单位,建立中国区域粮食安全评估基本方法体系,确定了中国粮食安全的脆弱环节和脆弱因子,主要表现在农业生产效率低下不稳定、农业投入和基础建设不足、粮食调配效率低等方面,并呈现比较明显的空间分异特征。