上海郊区城市化水平测度及相关探讨

文章通过由人口、经济、社会和居住环境因素因子所构成综合指数,科学合理地对上海市郊区城市化整体水平进行测度,并通过对城市化水平的测度,深入、准确地揭示了目前上海郊区城市化发展所存在的问题,从而明确促进城市化发展应采取的对策和措施.     

对商誉的再探讨

商誉是无形资产中最为特殊的组成内容，过去人们封其性质和构成有不同的看法。在知识经济时代的今天，无形资产的性质和范畴认识得到深入，商誉的构成内容与无形资产的泉多组成内容有很多相同之处，商誉的实质就是多项未入账无形资产的总和。商誉的确认与计量问题也就转换为对企业自创无形资产的确认与计量，知识经济下应确认和计量对描述企业财务状况起关键作用的自创无形资产。但在不确定和充满风险的经济环境下，应积极稳妥地确认自创无形资产。自创无形资产的计量可按不同特点选择采用成本基础定价法、市场基础定价法、经济定价法。     

改进利润计量管理的战略性思考

现行会计利润计量只关注短期忽视长期,不能适应战略管理的现实需要,必须以企业价值增长理论为指导,拓展会计计量利润的空间及目标。利润战略管理的基本内容包括构筑利润导向型经营策略体系、培育企业利润心理和建立有效保护企业利润的战略控制体系。文章认为,销售利润率、预期利润增长率、资产效率、战略控制指数、市值收益比率这5个指标的复合计量,可以作为会计对战略转移利润进行核算的一种尝试。最后,作者借鉴国际权威咨询公司的成果对各类企业如何立足自身客观条件逐步实现价值增长提出了具体的策略思路。     

Probability theory in fuzzy sample spaces

This paper tries to develop a neat and comprehensive probability theory for sample spaces where the events are fuzzy subsets of The investigations are focussed on the discussion how to equip those sample spaces with suitable -algebras and metrics. In the end we can point out a unified concept of random elements in the sample spaces under consideration which is linked with compatible metrics to express random errors. The result is supported by presenting a strong law of large numbers, a central limit theorem and a Glivenko-Cantelli theorem for these kinds of random elements, formulated simultaneously w.r.t. the selected metrics. As a by-product the line of reasoning, which is followed within the paper, enables us to generalize as well as to bring together already known results and concepts from literature.Acknowledgement. The author would like to thank the participants of the 23rd Linz Seminar on Fuzzy Set Theory for the intensive discussion of the paper. Especially he is indebted to Professors Diamond and Höhle whose remarks have helped to get deeper insights into the subject. Additionally, the author is grateful to one anonymous referee for careful reading and valuable proposals which have led to an improvement of the first draft.This paper was presented at the 23rd Linz Seminar on Fuzzy Set Theory, Linz, Austria, February 5–9, 2002.     

An Average Derivative Estimation of Stochastic Frontiers

This paper utilizes the average derivative estimation of Stoker (1986) and the pesudo-likelihood estimation of Fan, Li, and Weersink (1996) to estimate a semiparametric stochastic frontier regression, y = g(x) + , where the function g(.)is unknown and is a composite error in a standard setting. The proposed semiparametric method of estimation is applied to data on farmers' credit unions in Taiwan. Empirical results show that the banking services of the farmers' credit unions is subject to economies of scale, but high degree of cost inefficiency in operation.     

Applying efficiency measurement techniques to the measurement of productivity change

Deterministic frontier analysis (DFA), stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), and data envelopment analysis (DEA) are alternative analytical techniques designed to measure the efficiency of producers. All three techniques were originally developed within a cross-sectional context, in which the objective is to compare the efficiencies of producers. More recently all three techniques have been extended for use in a panel data context. In the latter context it is possible to measure productivity change, and to decompose measured productivity change into its sources, one of which is efficiency change. However when efficiency measurement techniques, particularly SFA, have been applied to panel data, it has infrequently been made clear what the objective of the analysis is: the measurement of efficiency, which may vary through time as well as across producers, or the measurement and decomposition of productivity change. In this paper I explore the use of each technique in a panel data context. I find DFA and DEA to have achieved a more satisfactory reorientation toward productivity measurement than SFA has.     

汽车制造企业质量成本核算实证研究

质量成本核算是企业质量成本管理的一项重要内容,是企业优化质量成本结构,进行质量改进的重要基础。本文通过实证研究,提出了对汽车制造企业进行质量成本核算的一般方法,对汽车制造企业的质量成本项目进行了详实的分类分析,为同类企业实施质量成本管理工作提供了应用参考。     

Linear Programming Models for the Measurement of Environmental Performance of Firms—Concepts and Empirical Results

I use linear programming models to define standardised, aggregate environmental performance indicators for firms. The best practice frontier obtained corresponds to decision making units showing the best environmental behaviour. Results are obtained with data from U.S. fossil fuel-fired electric utilities, starting from four alternative models, among which are three linear programming models that differ in the way they account for undesirable outputs (pollutants) and resources used as inputs. The results indicate important discrepancies in the rankings obtained by the four models. Rather than contradictory, these results are interpreted as giving different, complementary kinds of information, that should all be taken into account by public decision-makers.     

The Bell Curve in Psychological Research and Practice: Myth or Reality?

The expression “the bell curve” designs both a kind of statistical distribution and the title of a famous and controversial book by Herrnstein and Murray. The first is so attractive that the second refers to it to give more credibility to its questionable theories on intelligence. The point is that, during the 20th century, the bell curve has assumed a more and more important role in psychological research and practice and have become both a reality and a myth. In the first case (reality) we can assist to appropriate applications of a real useful statistical concept. In the second (myth) we can have two kinds of attitudes: one attitude is typical of those researchers who search for normality in all their data and variables, just as Parsifal used to search for the Holy Graal (we call this “the Parsifal attitude”); the other is typical of those researchers who give normality for granted and act as if it were a Platonic Idea (we call this “the Plato attitude”). The article discusses the role of the normal distribution in psychological research and practice and shows how it can be dangerous to treat the bell curve as a God or an Idol.     

基于数据融合的自来水浊度检测方法

为了提高流动电流仪(SCM)对自来水浊度检测的精度,文章提出了一种基于神经网络数据融合技术的数据处理方法。该方法可以消除测量中的原水流量、供电电源波动、絮凝剂浓度、温度等干扰量对流动电流仪的影响,提高了测量的精度。