担保物权制度改革降低了企业债务融资成本吗?——来自中国《物权法》自然实验的经验证据

本文运用双重差分法考察以《物权法》出台为标志的担保物权制度改革是否降低了企业的债务成本。实证结果显示,《物权法》出台后,与固定资产占比较高的企业相比,固定资产占比较低企业的债务成本显著降低。进一步,与《物权法》出台通过扩大可抵押资产范围、加强债权人保护等渠道降低企业债务成本的经济直觉一致,三重差分检验结果表明,担保物权制度改革对企业债务成本的降低作用表现出丰富差异性:其一,与法律制度环境较好地区相比,《物权法》对企业债务成本的降低作用在法律制度环境较差地区相对更大;其二,与金融市场化程度较高地区相比,《物权法》对企业债务成本的降低作用在金融市场化程度较低地区相对更大;其三,与融资约束较弱企业相比,对于融资约束较强的企业而言,《物权法》对债务成本的降低作用相对更强。这些基于中国经济实践的经验证据识别并揭示出了担保物权制度改革促使企业债务成本下降的作用机理,从而对有效缓解企业融资难、融资贵等问题具有借鉴意义。     

政府补助、保险支付与老年临终照料成本——基于2002-2014年CLHLS死亡人口追踪数据的分析

为应对日益增大的老年人照料压力,我国各地试点通过政府补助或社会保险支付的方式满足老人的照料需求。基于2002-2014年CLHLS死亡人口追踪数据,文章用两部分模型、Heckman选择模型和结构方程模型,分析了政府补助、保险支付对老年临终照料直接成本和总成本的影响及其中介机制。研究发现,老年临终照料服务由保险支付的直接成本和总成本都比家庭支付明显更高,政府补助的直接成本比家庭支付更高,保险支付的直接成本比政府补助更高。保险支付和政府补助对照料成本影响的机制存在差异,保险支付主要通过收入效应对照料成本产生显著影响,但替代效应也发挥了中介作用,政府补助则主要通过替代效应对照料成本产生显著影响。文章的研究结论具有重要的政策含义。我国发展长期护理保险,应合理界定政府、市场、社会和家庭对老年人的照料责任,并明确长期护理保险的有限责任,尽量降低可能的收入效应和替代效应对照料成本的影响。     

Does Integrated Reporting Matter to the Capital Market?

Integrated reporting (<IR>) is an emerging international corporate reporting initiative to address limitations to extant corporate reporting approaches, which are commonly criticized for being both voluminous and disjointed. While <IR> is gaining in popularity, current momentum has been limited due to a lack of clear evidence of its benefits. Utilizing the most suitable setting currently available, being discretionary disclosures made by listed companies on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, this study provides evidence that analyst forecast error reduces as a company's level of alignment with the <IR> framework increases. Further, the improved alignment is associated with a subsequent reduction in the cost of equity capital for certain reporting companies. The results are obtained after controlling for factors relating to financial transparency and the issuance of standalone non‐financial reports, which suggests that <IR> is providing incrementally useful information to the capital market over and above existing reporting mechanisms.     

契约理论视角下专用性投资激励研究述评

契约理论的发展,提出了物质资产专用性和投资激励的问题.专用性人力资本投资同专用性物质资产投资一样,也受到了机会主义的困扰,对该问题的研究形成了专用性人力资本投资的激励理论.契约理论主要包括完全契约理论、交易成本理论和新产权学派三大主要分支.文章分别论述了这三大分支各自的理论观点以及基于这三大分支理论基础上的专用性人力资本投资激励研究的现状并作出了简要述评.     

全球化对城市空间结构的作用机制分析

论文认为城市空间结构的演进归根结底是微观经济主体,尤其是企业的生产行为和区位选择行为推动的。企业对生产组织和空间布局的不同选择,直接影响着两种不同的空间发展模式——集中化和分散化。全球化和信息化推动了生产技术方式和生产组织方式的演进,对企业区位选择、产业的空间布局,以及城市空间结构和空间组织产生了重要影响,都市圈、城市群成为当今先进生产组织方式的重要空间载体。     

人力资源计量探讨

人力资源计量分为人力资源成本计量和人力资源价值计量,会计学界已对人力资源的这两方面计量有了一定的认识,并形成了一些计量方式,但这些方法尚有其各自的优缺点.在分析它们的主要优点和不足的基础上,本文建议对人力资源的成本计量应尽量采取历史成本法计价,对人力资源的价值计量可将未来工资报酬折现法和经济价值法结合起来使用.     

Temporary Equilibrium,Full Equilibrium,and Elasticity of Cost

The result by Morrison (1985) and Morrison and Schwarzt (1994) that there is an one-to-one relationship between the rate of economic capacity utilization and ratio of cost elasticities at the temporary and the full equilibrium has been instrumental in past studies on measuring economic capacity utilization and on adjusting indexes of productivity growth for temporary equilibrium. In this paper, dynamic duality and comparative dynamics are employed to assess the behavior of cost elasticity along an optimal path to the steady state. The analysis suggests that no a priori relationship exists between economic capacity utilization and elasticity of cost. The absence of an a priori relationship between these two economic variables implies that theoretical and empirical results based on past notions about the dynamic behavior of cost elasticity may have to be reconsidered.     

Voluntary Disclosure and Equity Offerings: Reducing Information Asymmetry or Hyping the Stock?*

We examine corporate disclosure activity around seasoned equity offerings and its relationship to stock prices. Beginning six months before the offering, our sample issuing firms dramatically increase their disclosure activity, particularly for the categories of disclosure over which firms have the most discretion. The increase is significant after controlling for the firm's current and future earnings performance and tends to be largest for firms with selling shareholders participating in the offering. However, there is no change in the frequency of forward‐looking statements prior to the equity offering, something that is expressly discouraged by the securities law. Firms that maintain a consistent level of disclosure experience price increases prior to the offering, and only minor price declines at the offering announcement relative to the control firms, suggesting that disclosure may have reduced the information asymmetry inherent in the offering. Firms that substantially increase their disclosure activity in the six months before the offering also experience price increases prior to the offering relative to the control firms, but suffer much larger price declines at the announcement of their intent to issue equity, suggesting that the disclosure increase may have been used to “hype the stock” and the market may have partially corrected for the earlier price increase. Firms that maintain a consistent disclosure level have no unusual return behavior relative to the control firms subsequent to the announcement, while the firms that “hyped” their stock continue to suffer negative returns, providing further evidence that the increased disclosure activity may have been hype, and suggesting that the hype may have been successful in lowering the firms' cost of equity capital.     

过渡期产业群的演化与政策启示——以浙江永康五金产业群为例

当前我国产业集群正处于过渡时期,市场机制的完善提高了市场交易主体间扩展信任水平,从而降低基于扩展信任的交易费用水平。随着集群规模不断扩大,理性的企业会选择更多地与传统集群外有竞争力的企业进行交易,从导致产业集群由以血缘与亲缘等为纽带的传统集群向基于扩展信任的现代集群演进。本文以浙江永康五金产业群为例对此进行了分析,提出了产业集群发展的几点方略。     

我国电信企业成本管理改进研究

随着国内外电信市场竞争的加剧,我国电信运营商要在竞争中求得发展,必须在复杂的竞争环境中准确分析各业务的赢利状况、企业价值链中各个环节的效益,最终实现比竞争对手更高的利润指标。这在很大程度上都要取决企业成本管理水平的高低,对此我国电信运营企业必须要有高度的重视,采取行之有效的措施提高成本管理水平。