生物质能源发展的政策激励体系构建研究

生物质能源作为一种可再生能源,开发利用前景广泛。目前我国生物质能源的发展面临着诸多障碍,需要强有力的政策支持。首先论述了我国生物质能源发展的现状,阐明了其发展的主要制约因素。然后对生物质能源进行外部性分析,得出政策激励和激励体系构建对生物质能源发展的必要性的结论。最后,提出了构建我国生物质能源发展的激励体系的对策和建议。     

The relationship between woody biomass consumption and economic growth: Nonlinear ARDL and causality

In this paper, the structure of the relationship between woody biomass energy consumption and real per Capita GDP was analyzed in the period of 1980–2012 for the selected African countries by ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag), nonlinear ARDL, Granger causality and forecast error variance decomposition methods. After a symmetric relationship between woody biomass energy consumption and economic growth was determined by the nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) model, ARDL and Granger Causality methods were applied. According to results of the Granger Causality method, there is a unidirectional causality running from economic growth to woody biomass energy consumption for Botswana, Cameroon, Uganda, and Zambia and from woody biomass energy consumption to economic growth for Burkina Faso, Malawi, Central African Republic, Namibia, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Gabon and Zimbabwe. The bidirectional causality was supported for Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar and Togo. Lastly, forecast error variance decomposition method was applied to support the results obtained from Granger Causality method. The forecast error variance decomposition results of real per Capita GDP and woody biomass energy consumption showed that woody biomass energy and real per Capita GDP made the important contribution to the forecast error variance of itself and each other.     

Forest fragmentation reduced carbon storage in a moist tropical forest in Bangladesh: Implications for policy development

Forest fragmentation is continued to be widespread in the tropics resulting in reduced ecosystem services including carbon storage. However, the effect of forest fragmentation is not considered in the current carbon policy. We investigated the effect of forest fragmentation on tree biomass carbon and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in a moist tropical forest in Bangladesh. Above and below-ground tree biomass carbon were calculated by using widely accepted allometric equations and SOC was measured by sampling soils up to 10 cm depth and analyzing them in a soil laboratory. Results showed that carbon storage in tree biomass was significantly lower in fragmented forests (16.3 ± 1.37 t C ha⁻¹) than in contiguous forests (31.21 ± 2.75 t C ha⁻¹) (p < 0.001). Likewise, a significantly lower SOC was contained in the soils of fragmented forests (17.26 ± 0.83 t C ha⁻¹) than in contiguous forests (21.62 ± 0.78 t C ha⁻¹) (p < 0.001). Thus a total of 36% less carbon retained in tree biomass and soils in fragmented forests than in contiguous forests. Backward multiple linear regression analysis revealed tree density, tree height, tree DBH, height-diameter ratio (H/D) and tree species richness as influential factors of carbon variation in fragmented forests. All these structural parameters except tree species richness were significantly lower in fragmented forests, were positively associated with carbon storage and explained together 69% of the carbon storage variation. These findings suggest that the altered stand structure and tree allometry likely caused reduced carbon storage in fragmented forests and highlight the importance of landscape scale management intervention in the tropics. Here, we provided with the evidence of strong negative impact of forest fragmentation on carbon storage and argue that this effect should be in consideration which is currently overlooked in existing carbon accounting systems for tropical forests.     

广西非粮生物质能源发展现状和建议

文章介绍了广西非粮生物质能源的资源状况、产业发展概况,重点分析了广西非粮生物质能源的科技发展现状,包括技术状况、科研情况和研发平台建设情况3个方面,提出推动广西非粮生物质能源产业发展的建议。     

氮素水平对五味子幼苗生长的影响

以2年生五味子苗未为试验材料,在田间条件下,施以不同水平的氮素,分析了叶片可溶性蛋白、叶绿素含量、根系及茎叶中全氮含量、生物量等季节的动态变化规律,探讨了不同氮素水平对五味子苗未生长的影响.结果表明:(1)随着供氮水平的增加五味子茎叶全氮含量、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素含量都呈先升高后下降的变化趋势,不同生长时期表现出的峰值不...     

山西省林业生物质能源发展战略初探

林业生物质能源是可再生的绿色清洁能源,大力开发利用林业生物质能源,对提升可再生能源在我国能源中的比重,优化能源结构,保障能源安全,促进节能减排降耗和新农村建设意义深远。山西省林业生物质能源发展有着丰富的资源、广阔的空间和巨大的潜力。林业生物质能源的研究开发利用,会促进多元化能源发展及生态兴省战略的实施;加快生态文明建设和林业产业发展,实现林业现代化。     

中国农村推广固体生物质燃料阻碍分析

以河南省固体生物质燃料问题为研究对象,运用经济学的相关理论对河南农村发展固体生物质燃料的障碍进行分析与评述,深刻揭示了我国农村生物质能源产业进展缓慢的原因,提出促进农村生物质能源可持续发展的相关对策与建议。主要建议包括:对固体生物质燃料使用者在政策上支持;提高农业秸秆的资源化利用水平;生物质能源技术研发要有针对性;加强宣传的力度,提高人们认识;加强后续服务等。     

加强生物资源循环利用 实现农业可持续发展

有机肥的足额使用是农业生产高效、高质且持续发展的重要举措。但是目前有机肥的使用量严重不足与大量生物质白白浪费的现象同时并存。如何能探讨一种模式,在不增加目前的工作成本甚至降低成本的基础上,尽可能"网尽"生物质。生产有机肥,促进农业可持续发展。     

关于湖北省木质生物质能源发展的思考

生物质能源具有优良的环保特性,是可再生能源,其利用方式较多,选择一种既能发挥湖北地域特色又充分利用湖北资源的生物质能源利用方式,对发展湖北生物质能源产业至关重要。文章根据湖北省林业资源特色和发展木质生物质能源的优势,分析了其木质生物质能源发展中存在的问题和影响发展的主要因素,并从生物质能源产业市场化运作、资源布局、政策扶持、外部效益补偿等方面提出了相应政策建议。     

生物质能对化石能源的替代性——基于中国工业部门的实证分析

选取1987—2009年中国工业部门能源需求的时间序列数据,利用修正的AES模型和MES模型,实证研究了中国工业部门中生物质能对化石能源的内部替代问题。结果显示:中国对生物质能的需求量会随其自价格弹性的降低而增加;传统化石能源(石油、煤炭)的价格和需求量的同向变化表明,不能依靠价格诱导降低其需求,但价格诱导可促进生物质能对石油和煤炭等传统化石能源的替代。据此得出:中国的石油和煤炭两类化石能源呈现出"吉芬物品"或"低档物品"的特性,作为可再生能源之一的生物质能则表现出"正常物品"的特性;生物质能是传统化石能源的有效替代品。