我国基层农业科技推广的对策思考

农业科技推广是促进经济社会发展的重要途径。本文通过对我国基层农业科技推广现状的分析,指出了目前我国基层农业科技推广存在的诸多问题,并寻找对策给予解决。     

The tourism and peace nexus

Tourism has been heralded as a contributor to peace, however, the inconclusive findings of empirical studies render the need for a consolidation of theory that has in so far relied on case studies and the adoption of the contact hypothesis. Informed by political science theory, this paper proposes a methodological framework that can guide future research and aims to serve as a benchmark for researchers interested in temporal issues pertaining to conflict, peace and tourism. Signalling a departure from the simplistic notion that contact through travel contributes to social integration, the paper adopts a holistic conceptualisation of the multi-faceted and complex system of actors, sectors and dimensions of tourism spanning at the social, economic, political and environmental levels.     

The debate between empirical and broader phenomenological approaches to research

Since the end of the nineteenth century, the discourse between positivism and phenomenology has dominated the development of social science research methods. The argument is reflected in current tourism research and some scholars doubt the validity of positivism. Here opposing views as expressed in two recent Chinese publications are examined. By analyzing the two views and their methodology, the characteristics and limitations of both positivism and phenomenology can be highlighted. Both positivism and phenomenological methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and an integration of the two types of research methods is most commonly used. In some specific research methods positivistic and phenomenological methods can be combined to attain more scientific knowledge. The paper also examines ‘technical rationality’, a philosophy which has been criticized by many for excessively focusing on the tool itself and so ignoring the research object and the purpose of the study. Yet although technical rationality does derive from positivism the former cannot simply be equal to the latter. It is suggested that the improvement of the scientific quality of tourism research is still the primary need for the development of the tourism discipline at present. It is not possible for tourism research to become a discipline purely through inclusion in specialized courses or existing subject content. Tourism research must become more scientific before it becomes a discipline.     

The Complementary Relationship Between Institutional and Complexity Economics: The Example of Deep Mechanismic Explanations

Analyzing economic systems from an evolutionary-institutional or a complexity perspective are two complementary approaches to economic inquiry. I discuss three arguments in favor of this hypothesis: (i) eminent institutional economists have examined the economy as what today could be considered a complex system; (ii) complexity economists lack meta-theoretical foundations which could be provided by institutionalist theory; and (iii) institutional economists could benefit from using methods of complexity economics. In this context, I argue that scholars considering the economy to be complex should seek to explain it by discovering social mechanisms instead of focusing on prediction. In order to distinguish between alternative explanations, scholars should refer to the deepness of an explanation, rather than to Occam’s razor.     

乐山产业经济发展现状及研究

本文通过对乐山市整个区域的三大产业经济发展现状进行分析,得出乐山市的三大产业在各个片区发展不平衡,产业内部发展不平衡、没有形成科技创新体系、科学决策机制不完善等阻碍经济发展问题,并对乐山市三大产业经济的均衡发展提出建议。     

关于“标准科学”的再思考

标准化是一门学科还是科学的讨论，始于上世纪七十年代初期。由于至今尚无公论，于是跨世纪的讨论仍在持续。文章从中国科技史人手对标准化的发展历程进行追溯，并重新提出对标准科学研究的思考。以期通过对标准科学研究问题的重新提出，摆脱曾经因名称而困扰我们研究的误区，即“持方枘而内圆凿，其能人乎？”同时，在新的更高起点上，去寻找新的立足点。     

Climate change adaptation: Is there a role for intervention research?

While climate change will expose regions to similar impacts, the extent of those impacts and effective response at the local level will be determined not only by the location's sensitivity and vulnerability but also by local groups and individuals’ capacity, including their institutional links, social networks and motivation to action. In parallel, scientific information and research plays a critical role in informing climate change adaptation by providing both an improved understanding of the actual climate risks and response alternatives.The paper focuses on two local-scale intervention research projects undertaken in urbanised coastal areas in Brazil and in Australia concentrated on improving the dialogue between ‘those who make science’ and ‘those who use science to make decisions’ in order to make climate science more useful, and creating purposeful collective action, respectively. A conceptual model is devised to investigate how intervention research could aid adaptive capacity by generating new knowledge and facilitating change towards climate change adaptation at the local level. Drawing on the findings, a framework is proposed to advance the role of intervention research in policy development for enhancing adaptive capacity.     

走出金融危机阴影的印度科技——简述2009年印度科技发展的新特点

2009年，印度科技在金融危机与气候变化双重压力与挑战下稳步发展，研发投入、能力建设、科技政策、科技产业等方面均有新进展、新成就。本文简要综述了印度2009年科技发展的总体情况。     

非惯常环境:旅游核心概念的再研究——建构旅游学研究框架的一种尝试

本文将非惯常环境作为旅游的核心概念,阐述了非惯常环境与惯常环境的特征以及之间的相关关系,以此重新解释和推广了利珀模型和普洛格模型,以一种全新的视角,来审视旅游现象和本质,并试图以非惯常环境概念来重构旅游学研究的学科体系框架。     

山东科技金融绩效评价——基于主成分分析的DEA研究路径

本文以主成分分析方法进行指标蕴含信息的整合,重新组合一组线性无关的综合性指标,运用数据包络分析方法(DEA)对山东省科技金融投入进行效益评价。研究结果表明,山东省2000—2010年的金融投入重数量、轻质量,重速度、轻基础,呈现出DEA无效状态。基于此,山东省科技金融发展应转变发展方向,走可持续、集约化的发展路径。