瘾型消费品需求弹性与利润分析——基于山东省2009-2012年数据

文章以瘾型消费理论为基础,分析了影响烟草厂商利润率的因素。通过分析瘾型消费模型发现烟草厂商的利润率受到商品价格弹性和未来消费量的影响。商品的价格弹性越大,烟草厂商的利润率越低。文章结合山东省2009至2012年的实际销售数据分析发现,在收入较高的地区,价格弹性与销售额贡献度之间保持稳定的反向关系;在收入较低的地区,单价越低的烟草商品其价格弹性与销售额贡献度之间的反向关系越稳定。     

Trade in Services: The Elasticity Approach for The Case of Turkey

This study includes the analysis of global trade in the services and service sector in Turkey, and estimates the elasticity of trade in services to real exchange rates and income. There is an increasing role of the service sector in the Turkish economy; however, a decreasing trend of trade in services is taking place. The commitments of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) were found to be ineffective, at least in the case of Turkey. The empirical findings suggest that the real exchange rate is not a significant determinant for the trade in services. We found an inelastic real exchange rate and income elasticities in trade demand functions. However, the value of income elasticity significantly exceeds the value of real exchange rate elasticity.     

Ethical product premiums: antecedents and extent of consumers' willingness to pay

Corporate social responsibility is now high on the strategic agendas of major retailers, as consumers demonstrate growing ethical awareness and concern. However, evidence regarding consumers' willingness to pay the price premiums often associated with ethical products is inconclusive. Studies have adopted various survey-based and experimental methods, focusing upon different product categories, each with particular ethical issues. This study included a Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET) exploratory investigation then a mail survey of 1000 consumers, indicating willingness to pay ethical premiums across 6 categories. Demographics proved to be poor predictors, although education explained some variance in willingness to pay. Ethical motivations, measured within the framework of the Decisional Balance Scale, proved stronger antecedents, providing guidelines for the communication of ethical attributes. Implications for retailers and opportunities for researchers are discussed.     

Parameters affecting seat belt use in Greece

The objective of this research is the exploration of seat belt use in Greece and particularly the identification of the parameters affecting seat belt use in Greece. A national field survey was conducted for the analytical recording of seat belt use. A binary logistic regression model was developed, and the impact of each parameter on seat belt use in Greece was quantified. Parameters included in the model concern characteristics of car occupants (gender, age and position in the car), the type of the car and the type of the road network. The data collection revealed that in Greece, the non-use of seat belt on the urban road network was higher than on the national and rural road network and young and older men use seat belts the least. The developed model showed that travelling on a national road is negative for not wearing the seat belt. Finally, the variable with the highest impact on not wearing a seat belt is being a passenger on the back seats.     

基于ECM的我国税收弹性实证分析

运用时间数列和计量分析方法,利用1978--2006年我国税收收入和GDP数据,针对1978—1994年和1995--2006年两个阶段分别建立误差修正模型,对我国税收的长期弹性和短期弹性进行分析。研究结果发现：1978—1994年我国税收的长期弹性小于其短期弹性;自1995年以来,我国税收弹性发生了显著变化,税收的长期弹性大于其短期弹性。     

需求弹性理论分析及企业决策应用

需求价格弹性是需求弹性分类中的一种,它与企业的销售收入有着直接的关系,而传统理论对于需求价格弹性与企业销售收入间关系的结论不够准确,本文在传统理论的基础上,更进一步的给出相关的证明。并且本文也分析需求弹性理论在企业决策中的重要应用。     

Openness to trade as a determinant of the macroeconomic elasticity of substitution

Several theoretical and empirical studies on economic growth consider the macroeconomic elasticity of substitution between capital and labor as a measure of economic flexibility that depends on technological as well as institutional aspects. One institutional aspect of economic flexibility is openness to trade. I examine in a Heckscher–Ohlin model with two large countries trading intermediate goods how openness affects the elasticity of substitution. If the technology has a constant elasticity of substitution in a closed economy, opening up to trade raises the elasticity of substitution only in the country that accumulates capital at a faster rate.     

Comment on “On the openness to trade as a determinant of the macroeconomic elasticity of substitution”

This paper provides a comment on the analysis of the link between an economy’s openness to trade and its macroeconomic elasticity of substitution (ES) presented in Saam [Saam, M., 2008. Openness to trade as a determinant of the macroeconomic elasticity of substitution. Journal of Macroeconomics 30, 691–702.].     

Comment on “The endogenous aggregate elasticity of substitution for a small open economy”

This note applies the approach of Miyagiwa and Papageorgiou [Miyagiwa, K. and Papageorgiou, C., 2007. Endogenous aggregate elasticity of substitution. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 31, 2899–2919] to provide simple frameworks for endogenizing the aggregate elasticity of substitution between capital and labor for a growing small open economy.     

我国城市工业地价影响因素及力度的计量分析

地价是经济学中的重要课题,它是都市的语言,是都市的环境与功能的综合值。用计量经济学的方法,分供求二方取人口、经济、区位、政府行为等四大板块中的基本要素对我国工业地价的相关性与影响力度进行探讨。从相关性看：城市设施因素与工业地价相关性较弱;大区位因素与工业地价相关性较强。房产税额、耕地占用税额、本年购置的土地面积等政府行为因素与工业地价相关性较强;余者与工业地价相关性较弱。从影响力度看：工业地价对经济、政府行为、区位因素的弹性系数总体呈现一种矛盾、混乱的特征,佐证了中国工业地价违背客观规律性的现象。剔除其混乱因素,仍可看出大区位因素对工业地价影响的力度要大于经济因素,土地类税额对工业地价影响的力度微乎其微;反映了地方政府在工业化过程中对土地的掠夺性开发利用。