Water in the desert? The influence of Wilhelm Röpke on Ludwig Erhard and the social market economy

It is commonly believed that Wilhelm Röpke heavily influenced Ludwig Erhard and, through him, West Germany’s social market economy. This article demonstrates that Röpke’s influence on Erhard was limited. Although the two men shared many common ideals, they also differed on many fundamental issues. Moreover, Erhard developed his ideas before he read Röpke’s wartime trilogy.     

Male–female wage discrimination in Chinese industryInvestigation using firm‐level data1

We use firm‐level data to analyze male–female wage discrimination in China's industry. We find that there is a significant negative association between wages and the share of female workers in a firm's labour force. However, we also find that the marginal productivity of female workers is significantly lower than that of male workers. Comparing wage gaps and productivity gaps between men and women, we notice an intriguing contrast between state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) and private firms. The wage gap is smaller than the productivity gap in SOEs, while the converse is true for private firms. These results suggest that women in the state sector receive wage premiums, whereas women in the private sector face wage discrimination.     

TYPES OF PUBLIC CAPITAL AND THEIR PRODUCTIVITY IN JAPANESE PREFECTURES*

Several researchers have studied the productivity of public capital in Japan but most have not paid attention to the types of public infrastructure or differences in production technology between prefectures. We estimate prefectural production functions with differently aggregated public capital. Through the model selection process, we examine the types of productive public capital. The empirical results show the production technologies used and how types of productive public capital differ between prefectures.     

Status of regional recycling economy and comparative analysis ——Taking Tianjin, Beijing and Shanghai as example

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and comparatively analyze the developing status of regional recycling economy, and then make a few suggestions to the problems that exist in developing recycling economy through the evaluation system of recycling economy.     

REGIONAL GDP IN BRITAIN, 1871–1911: SOME ESTIMATES

The paper builds on a method proposed by Geary and Stark for estimating regional incomes in Victorian Britain. This is modified by using tax data to allocate non‐wage income across regions. The results suggest that the coefficient of variation of regional GDP per head was rising rapidly prior to World War I in similar fashion to the late 20th century such that its level in 1901 and 2001 was about the same. In both episodes of globalization there were big winners and big losers among British regions.     

标准化与矿产资源循环利用问题探讨

文章阐述了循环经济及循环经济的三个基本原则 (“3R原则”) ,论证了循环经济与传统经济的区别以及标准化在循环经济中的重要作用 ,提出了通过加强标准化工作 ,进一步推进循环经济发展的一些建议和相关的措施。如加快法规体系建设、采用国际标准和国外先进标准、加强标准化工作、信息化网络化建设等     

Spatial dimensions of precision agriculture: a spatial econometric analysis of millet yield on Sahelian coversands

The identification of local soil variability caused by within‐field differences of macronutrients and ecological features is of paramount importance for the effectiveness of precision agriculture. We present several spatial statistical and econometric techniques to capture local differences in soil variation, ecological characteristics, and yield more effectively than the analytical techniques traditionally used in agronomy. The application of these techniques is illustrated in a case study dealing with precision agriculture in the West African Sahel. The production of millet on acid sandy soils constitutes a typical example of low soil fertility areas exhibiting small absolute but large relative differences in crop production conditions over short distances.     

银行间债券市场7天回购利率影响因素的实证分析

我国银行间债券市场7天回购交易品种成交量大、交易活跃、参与机构多，其回购利率R07D也成为货币市场短期利率的重要基准。本文从资金面和政策面两个角度出发选取了若干R07D利率的影响因素，对从2001年1月至2006年6月的数据，运用协整、格兰杰因果检验、回归等计量方法进行实证分析，结果显示：央行票据发行利率、超额准备金利率、M2同比增长率、商业银行存贷比与R07D利率存在着长期的协整关系，是R07D利率变动的原因。     

Efficiency, subsidies, and environmental adaptation of animal farming under CAP

The purpose of this article is to model the interaction between the targets of the current Comman Agriculture Politic (CAP): environmental adaptation, subsidies, and efficiency of animal farming. To this end we first have to identify the production frontier and relative efficiency level for each animal‐oriented farm in the sample. The production frontier and efficiency index for each type of farm (assuming no specific production functions) are identified using Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) techniques. We then address the relationship between relative efficiency, farm size, and environmentally friendly behavior by carrying out a nonparametric regression of efficiency, on economic size, a proxy for the degree of environmental appropriateness, and regional dummies. Calculations of the efficiency of the farms including direct subsidies are compared with the counterfactual exercise in the case in which direct subsidies are not considered. Finally, we look for relations between subsidies and factors such as farm size, efficiency, and environmentally friendly behavior. One key result shows that, on average direct payments generally tend to increase efficiency. However, in most of the cases the mean efficiency decreases as the percentage of direct payments rises. Direct payments are found to be positively related to environmentally friendly production, at least in Germany. However, in general, the direct payment system is not sufficient to offset the fact that the less environmentally friendly farms as well as the larger farms are more efficient.     

House prices, non-fundamental components and interstate spillovers: The Australian experience

Using Australian capital city data from 1984Q3--2008Q2, this paper utilizes a dynamic present value model within a VAR framework to construct time series of house prices depicting what aggregate house prices should be given expectations of future real disposable income - the “fundamental price” - and continues by comparing capital city fundamental prices with actual prices. The extent to which revealed capital city “non-fundamental” components spillover from state to state, as well as their long-term impact is also investigated. Results provide evidence of periods of sustained deviations of house prices from values warranted by income for all state capitals with the greatest deviations arising in the NSW market and starting around 2000. In general NSW is relatively more susceptible to spillovers transmitted from other states while ACT and WA are most isolated from the rest of the country.