从“大数据”到“智能数据”——剖析德国国家智能数据创新实验室的定位和模式

面对全球范围的"大数据之争",德国具备信息技术产业及市场快速增长、信息技术服务业和软件业世界领先、传统制造业数字化基础良好等优势条件,亦有明显的结构性缺陷。为落实"数字变革战略",实施"数字议程",提升德国在大数据领域的核心竞争力,德国联邦政府联合科技界和产业界代表,启动了全新的国家尖端研究平台一一"智能数据创新实验室",提出"智能数据"创新理念,通过推动产学研合作,对大数据进行进阶的智能化处理,以抢占未来的战略发展高地。本文对该平台的定位和模式进行了剖析,供国内有关部门参考。     

German stagnation versus Swedish progression: gender wage gaps in comparison, 1960–2006

This article provides a comparative analysis of the development of the gender wage gap in West Germany and Sweden during the period 1960–2006. Despite the economic similarities including broad social safety nets, the gap has developed differently since 1960. This analysis accounts for micro- and macroeconomic factors and politics and concludes that norms and traditions penetrate institutional settings and ensnare Germany in a cultural trap with regard to gender equality. While Sweden has moved to a two-earner model, German society expects mothers to stay at home. The micro analysis shows that family concerns (e.g. marriage and motherhood) decrease female income in Germany to a far greater extent than do such factors in Sweden, which can be explained in part by deeply held social attitudes.     

Looking into the black box of boosting: the case of Germany

This article looks into the ‘fine print’ of boosting for economic forecasting. By using German industrial production for the period from 1996 to 2014 and a data set consisting of 175 monthly indicators, we evaluate which indicators get selected by the boosting algorithm over time and four different forecasting horizons. It turns out that a number of hard indicators like turnovers, as well as a small number of survey results, get selected frequently by the algorithm and are therefore important to forecasting the performance of the German economy. However, there are indicators such as money supply that never get chosen by the boosting approach at all.     

面向社会发展目标的中德城市详细规划调控比较研究

本文聚焦于面向社会发展目标的城市详细规划调控问题.在中德城市规划社会发展目标分析的基础之上,从公平利用土地资源的制度保证、住房面积调控、公共服务设施配套、物质形态和景现、文化遗产保存5个方面,运用规划调控力比较模型进行了中国控制性详细规划和德国建造规划之间的面向社会发展目标的规划调控能力比较研究,进而界定出控规相对于德...     

德国的教育体制及特点研究

德国是世界上最具竞争能力的工业化国家之一。它的教育体制能够为国家培养出优秀的科学家、工程技术人员和技术工人。目前我国正处于经济大发展时期,急需训练有素的专业技术人才和技术工人。该文介绍了德国教育体制及特点,为我国的教育改革提供了有益的借鉴。     

德国生物技术产业发展现状及其研发创新

生物技术是当前最具潜力和最富活力的科技领域之一。德国联邦政府认为,从传统化石能源时代向生物经济时代过渡是人类社会发展的必然趋势．未来生命科学和生物技术将更广泛地应用于农业、林业、渔业、畜牧业、食品、化工、制药、能源、环保和商贸服务等众多产业领域。知识生物经济将提高国家竞争力。2010年11月,德国联邦政府发布了《生物经济2030：国家研究战略》。包括德国在内的世界各国政府都高度重视推动本国生物技术研发创新和产业化发展。本文对德国生物技术产业发展最新情况进行了调研,并对其研发创新及其产业化发展的政策机制进行了总结分析。     

德国依靠科技创新率先走出危机

2010年,德国经济实现了快速复苏,并率先走出危机,成为带动欧洲经济增长的火车头。“加大创新力度、调整产业结构、保持国际竞争优势”的政策取向是其关键内因。德国研究与创新专家委员会在报告中表示：2010年德国国家创新体系在危机中表现出色。本文对2010年德国科学技术发展总体情况进行了介绍。     

The Post-entry Performance of Cohorts of Export Starters in German Manufacturing Industries☆

This paper investigates four cohorts of firms from German manufacturing industries that started to export between 1998 and 2002, and follows them for five years after the start. Export starters are a rare species and small in Germany. Around 30–40% of those starters studied became continuous exporters. The share of total exports contributed by export starters of a cohort is tiny in the start year, and it remains so over the years that follow. Contrary to the market selection hypothesis, there is no evidence that productivity in the start year is systematically related to survival in the export market. There is no evidence of a negative impact of a smaller firm size in the start year on the chance of surviving in the export market. Starting with a higher share of exports in total sales, however, tends to increase the probability of continuing to export.     

Putting ‘merchants of debt’ in their place: the political economy of retail banking and credit-based financialisation in Germany

Why did household debt in Germany not increase after the year 2000? This article offers a supply-side explanation for this deviant debt trajectory by tracing the historical evolution of retail banking in the German political economy. It argues that at the end of the 1990s and in the light of European Monetary Union, profitability issues and banking fragmentation became severe enough to interrupt the path towards credit-based financialisation as prevalent among other capitalist economies. These factors interacted with a traditional lack of tools and incentives for rapid credit expansion, even though they were renegotiated in the processes of financial liberalisation, internationalisation and innovation. By employing historical-qualitative as well as statistical evidence for the argument, the paper’s contribution becomes twofold. First, it introduces and conceptualises retail banking as a focal point in the analysis of national financial systems and their transformation. Second, it complicates the standard accounts of German non-financialisation and reveals the ‘contested’ character of financial reform.     

大学生心理健康教育的实践与探家

自马加爵事件后，全国高校开展了大量的心理健康研究，这些研究的主要关注点在于：当大学生心理出了问题后如何加强外在的干预、救治，而忽视增强其内在的心理抗压能力以确保稳定的心理健康。文章旨在通过团体辅导实验，探索出一种让大学生自觉调适心理来应对、抵抗外在刺激、压力，保持其心理健康和积极向上的精神境界的创新辅导模式。