Venture Capital Valuation,Partial Adjustment,and Underpricing: Behavioral Bias or Information Production?

Using a sample of venture capital (VC)‐backed initial public offerings (IPOs), we analyze the role played by perceived valuation changes on IPO underpricing. We find that perceived valuation change from the last pre‐IPO VC round to the IPO affects IPO underpricing in a nonlinear way. Further analysis indicates that information‐based theories, not behavioral biases, explain this nonlinearity. We also find that the previously documented partial adjustment effect and its nonlinear impact on IPO underpricing are related to the trajectory of the perceived valuation changes, which stands in stark contrast to prior evidence of the importance of behavioral biases.     

上市公司关于新股发行募集资金使用的信息披露研究

上市公司良好的会计信息披露是资本市场健康运行的重要内容。从募集资金使用的角度对我国上市公司会计信息披露行为进行研究,提出信息披露的三个动机,包括公布好消息、再融资和降低代理成本。对我国股票市场1995～2000年上市的418家A股上市公司进行实证检验,发现以上三个动机对上市公司的会计信息披露行为都有影响,其中再融资动机的影响最为显著。     

IPO定价与公司内含价值——基于常山药业的案例研究

如何对IPO公司准确定价是学术界和实务界广泛争议的热点话题。IPO定价准确性的评价依赖于对公司内含价值的判断，选择不同的标准确定公司的内含价值会得出IP0定价过高或过低的不同结论。本文应用可比公司法对常山药业的内含价值进行估计，使用四种可比公司乘数计算的结果表明公司实际发行价格高于公司内含价值，这意味着公司的发行价格存在一定程度的高估现象。与同期证券分析师对常山药业发行价格预测的平均估价水平相比，结果发现多数证券分析师由于过度乐观而高估公司内含价值。本文研究结果表明可比公司法具有计算简单、可操作性强等特点，不仅有助于一级市场中不同投资者对IP0公司的内含价值做出合理的估计，而且可以为二级市场交易中小投资者形成正确的投资决策提供依据，减少超额投资损失。     

投资者参与、企业内在价值与IPO抑价——基于中国A股市场的经验证据

本文以中国A股市场为背景,以2009～2010年沪深两市通过IPO募集股权资本的上市公司为样本,探讨了投资者参与程度、企业内在价值与IPO抑价之间的关系。研究发现,在诸多影响因素中,以市盈率衡量的企业内在价值与IPO抑价负相关;以中签率和换手率衡量的投资者参与程度,与IPO抑价正相关。较低的中签率和较高的换手率,代表更高的投资者参与热情,通常会导致更高的IPO抑价。此外,诸如IPO规模和行业特征等其他因素也会对IPO抑价产生影响。     

How regulatory changes affect IPO underpricing in China

This paper examines the underpricing of IPOs in the Chinese A-share market during the period 1992–2006. Since its inception, the Chinese IPO market has transformed from a tightly-controlled system to a more market-oriented system. Reforms include the abolishment of listing quotas and fixed issue price determination; allowing for more market participation in IPO pricing. The regulatory changes of Chinese IPO market, though improving over time, actually are not monotonic. The regulatory framework started from over-restrictive to over-unrestrictive, then fine-tuned with additional restrictions. This study documents the regulatory reforms during the sample period and investigates how these regulatory changes affect IPO underpricing in China. During this period, we find that Chinese IPOs exhibit a huge underpricing. The size of the underpricing, however, decreases over the sample period. This study further finds that the IPO pricing method before the regulatory changes, which was based on a fixed P/E ratio pre-determined by the regulators, contributed significantly to the IPO underpricing in China. After adopting a series of regulatory reforms allowing underwriters discretion in the determination of issue price, this regulatory underpricing component vanishes. This study has policy implications in demonstrating the impacts of regulatory frameworks on IPO underpricing.     

我国新股IPO高定价发行原因及对策——新股IPO定价模型研究初探

新股IPO三高现象一直是困扰我国证券市场健康发展的问题之一,2010年11月,中国证监会有针对性地实施了新股发行体制第二轮改革。笔者认为,此次改革之所以没有达到预期效果,主要是对三高产生的根本原因缺乏必要的研究。文章通过构建新股定价模型,从一个全新的角度探究新股IPO三高背后的根本原因,并提出了解决三高的思路与对策,丰富与创新了相关的理论。     

创业板新股上市折价率影响因素的实证分析

文章选取创业板市场上的有关样本,对高折价率的影响因素进行了多元回归实证分析,结果表明:发行规模、换手率、发行市盈率、中签率等变量可在一定程度上解释我国创业板新股上市折价的现象。     

Venture capital trusts and the expiration of IPO lock-up provisions

Venture capital trusts (VCTs) were introduced to provide private equity capital for small expanding companies and to promote innovation. Investors in initial public offerings are rewarded with tax relief on the cost of lock-up provisions to stabilize the market. This paper examines the market reaction and trading activity around the expiration of lock-up provisions of 148 VCTs listed on the London Stock Exchange from 1995 to 2006. Downward-sloping demand curve theory suggests that an increased supply of VCT shares at the expiry date could shift their value to a new equilibrium at a lower price. Supporting this prediction, we document evidence of negative abnormal returns as well as permanent increases in the price discount relative to net asset value and trading volumes at and around the expiries of the required holding periods of VCTs. In addition, less negative abnormal returns, lower abnormal discounts and lower abnormal trading volumes are associated with VCTs that invest in AIM-listed companies due to lower information asymmetry, that experience lower prior performance due to a less pronounced disposition effect, and that are subject to a shorter lock-up horizon or are offering more generous tax benefits.