城市生活垃圾气化特性及动力学研究

采用热重分析仪,分别对我国城市生活垃圾典型有机物(厨余、废纸和废塑料)及其混合物(MMSW)非等温气化特性进行了研究。通过改变加热终温和升温速率,获得了厨余、纸类、塑料及其混合物TG-DTG曲线,并采用Coats-Redfern积分法和外推法对曲线进行了动力学分析。试验表明,加热终温是影响气化失重的主要因素;改变升温速率会造成失重率的波动,并对气化反应初始温度有显著影响。当CO2替代N2作载气时,两者作用明显增强;同时由于C+CO2→2CO反应增强,使MMSW表现出明显与N2气氛下不同的特性。动力学分析表明城市生活垃圾典型有机物及其混合物气化反应为一级。     

苏南经济发达地区农村固体废物现状及对策分析

太湖由于高强度的开发和水环境治理的滞后,水环境污染日趋严重。突出表现在河网水质的污染和太湖的富营养化,流域内水质型缺水和水污染矛盾不断发生和发展,己成为流域经济社会可持续发展的制约因素。以江苏宜兴地区农村固体废物资源化调查为例,通过对示范村的农户进行实地调查,获得太湖周边地区经济较发达的农村生活垃圾产生情况及垃圾特性,并了解当地村民的环境保护意识,分析农村生活垃圾回收利用的可行性,为农村生活垃圾的资源化利用提供决策依据。     

Recovering Sociology from the Trash Heap: Of Waste Politics and the Spatialization of Local Representation in Lagos

This article excavates the debate that unfolded during the 1980s between Jacques Rancière and Pierre Bourdieu to shed light on the theoretical divide that still cuts across the field of urban studies today. Looking at contemporary Rancièrian scholarship through a Bourdieusian lens, it points to their main theoretical shortcomings and reasserts the value of relational, field‐based and empirically grounded approaches to urban politics. At the same time, this article engages seriously Rancière's critique of Bourdieu's failure to account for space in order to question the territoriality inherent to the notion of field. We put this theoretical discussion to the test of Lagos's garbage. Drawing on an ethnographic study conducted in Lagos from 2015 to 2016, we propose analyzing the process of spatialization of the field of local representation by looking at the ways solid waste—here conceived as a political opportunity—is mobilized by different actors. We argue that the deployment of a waste infrastructure in Lagos is congruent with a relative disinvestment in practices of territorial control that reshapes the structure of local representation, reconfiguring the ‘stage’ on which politics is played out in the Nigerian metropolis.     

AutoCAD三维实体造型技术在道路工程制图教学中的应用

随着高职院校教学改革的不断深化,课程的理论教学时数普遍较以前减少,如何利用有限的课时使学生掌握必需的理论知识,提高学生的绘图和识图能力,是道路工程制图教学面临的实际问题。利用AutoCAD三维实体造型技术作为辅助教学工具,可以使学生快速建立空间立体概念,将抽象的问题直观化,教学效果良好。     

Municipal solid waste management and greenhouse gas emissions at international airports: A case study of Astana International Airport

The steady expansion of the city of Astana and the increase of airport capacity is leading to an increase in municipal solid waste generation. The purpose of this study was to perform compositional analysis of the municipal solid waste produced at the Astana International Airport and evaluate different waste management scenarios in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. Recyclable and combustible fractions were found to be the major fractions (over 50%) of the total municipal solid waste generated in the Astana International Airport. Four base greenhouse gas emissions scenarios were proposed in this study, namely scenario-1 describing the current municipal solid waste management case, scenario-2 with integration of 29% recycling and 71% of municipal solid waste landfilling, scenario-3 for 100% of airport municipal solid waste being incinerated and scenario-4 for recycling 29% and the remaining waste being processed for energy recovery purposes. The proposed scenario 2 demonstrated significantly reduced net greenhouse gas emissions (t CO₂ eq/year) over the existing scenario 1, while scenarios 3 and 4 showed negative net greenhouse gas emissions. The experimental data provided and the scenarios discussed in this work are useful tools for decision makers for environmental waste management at airports.     

钢丝绳淋油装置的改造设计及故障分析

本文主要分析了钢丝绳除油装置设计技术难点、创新点以及电气原理图设计,最后分析总结了常见故障的分析及解决方法。     

大庆市固体废物管理对策浅析

固体废物污染控制已成为我国环境保护领域的突出问题之一。通过对大庆固体废物的产生、利用、处置等管理现状的分析,就固体废物管理中遇到的问题,提出几点解决对策。     

欧洲主要固体废物综合处理工艺技术

对欧洲几种主要的固体废物综合处理工艺和设备进行了综合论述。对德国Horstmann公司、德国Weser Engineering、西班牙Masias公司、法国Tecsem公司在所应用的垃圾处理厂的不同工艺的分选、发酵、精选等工序的技术、设备的特点进行了综合分析和讨论。内容包括Horstmann的全自动机械分选系统和隧道仓式发酵系统,Horstmann的特殊的分选设备涡流分选机、红外自动分选机、加速皮带等;Masias的特殊设计滚筒筛、金属输送带上料设备、强力金属分选机;Tecsem的气流密度分选设备、弹跳筛、可调速人工分选皮带;Weser Engineering的翻堆系统等。     

紫外探测技术的新发展

介绍紫外探测技术的新发展。真空型紫外探测器以通道光电倍增管为代表,分析了以MCP为光电阴极基底,输入窗为透镜式的管子的特点;固体紫外探测器以GaN基紫外CCD为代表,把GaN紫外探测器与硅CCD多路传输器通过铟柱倒装互连而成的混合式紫外CCD。由于GaN基材料的禁带宽度与组分有关,光谱响应从200nm-365nm,在365nm(紫外光)波段具有很尖的截止响应特性,因而降低了对滤波器的要求,具有光谱响应特性好,灵敏度高,噪声小等优点。并对紫外探测的关键技术和发展动向做了初步分析,为紫外技术的进一步发展提供参考。     

分离富集环境水溶液中铅离子的离子印迹—固相萃取技术

以Pb(Ⅱ)为模板离子,壳聚糖为功能单体,硅胶为载体,γ-(2、3环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)为偶联剂,利用表面分子印迹技术和溶胶-凝胶法在稀醋酸溶液中制备了Pb(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚合物.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法(FT-IR)对Pb(Ⅱ)离子印迹和非印迹聚合物的表面形貌和结构进行表征;并用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)考察了吸附酸度、吸附剂用量、静置时间等对聚合物吸附性能的影响;研究了印迹聚合物在混合溶液中对Pb(Ⅱ)的选择性,比较了印迹和非印迹聚合物的吸附容量;在最佳吸附酸度为4.5时,0.3g吸附剂吸附5h达到平衡,Pb(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚合物对Pb(Ⅱ)离子具有较高的选择性,其饱和吸附容量是非印迹聚合物的2倍.