Exploring the inclusion of beneficiary voices in international development fundraising campaign creation

Charitable fundraising appeals for international development created for potential donors in the Global North are often, if not always, designed without the inclusion of voices and insights from the intended beneficiaries in the Global South. The implications of these appeals, void of beneficiary input, may serve to proliferate poverty porn and racial stereotypes, promote paternalistic and colonial thinking, and strengthen white savior syndrome. This exploratory paper, through a set of interviews and a focus group with fundraising professionals at international development organizations, examines the need for a beneficiary-centered Code of Ethics. A framework, based on the four major findings, is proposed that begins with beneficiary input and considerations offer charities an inclusive method for the design of future fundraising appeals and a way to fulfill their responsibility in how the beneficiary is depicted and the societal understanding of their situation.     

Competition,benchmarking, and electoral success: Evidence from 69 years of the German Bundestag

The German electoral system ensures that there is always at least one federal legislator per constituency. This legislator can face competition from additionally elected competitors to the Bundestag from precisely the same constituency. The existence of several legislators per constituency allows voters to benchmark their quality against each other. We analyze the causal impact of having more elected competitors from the same constituency on legislators’ personal success versus the success of their parties. Our data cover the legislative terms in the German Bundestag and federal elections in the period 1953–2021. In our analysis, we rely on exogenous variation in elected competitors by investigating changes induced by legislators who leave the Bundestag during the legislative period and their respective replacement candidates as instrumental variables. We find that legislators are less successful in elections when they are exposed to elected competitors from the same constituency. The results suggest that benchmarking possibilities are relevant for voters to evaluate their representatives.     

Khatri-Rao积变换下的离格信号DOA估计

当存在离格信号时，基于稀疏表示的波达角（DOA）估计算法性能损失严重。为解决这个问题，在对接收数据协方差矩阵进行Khatri-Rao积变换的基础上，推导了离格信号网格偏离量与紧邻信号原子系数之间的关系，提出了一种单一离格信号DOA估计方法。为提高对邻近离格信号DOA的估计性能,利用矩阵的广义逆性质提出了基于多原子系数的联合估计方法。仿真实验表明，单一离格信号DOA估计方法在低信噪比下有较好的性能，联合估计方法在高信噪比条件下对邻近离格信号DOA有较高的估计精度，同时所提算法估计性能几乎不受网格划分间距的影响，可以通过增大网格间距降低算法运算量。相关研究对阵列天线DOA估计具有一定的参考价值。     

一种OFDM雷达通信一体化的距离超分辨方法

针对雷达通信一体化中的共享信号设计问题，设计了一种脉冲体制正交频分复用（OFDM）波形，并提出了一种基于OFDM共享信号的雷达通信一体化距离超分辨方法。每一脉冲为通信中的一帧，实现通信信息调制，并讨论了利用雷达副瓣进行通信信息传输的可行性。在雷达相干处理时间内，利用脉间通信调制信息的随机性实现距离解模糊，然后在通信信息补偿后构建距离的稀疏重构模型，并利用实现距离的超分辨估计。理论分析和仿真实验说明，所提方法能有效提高距离分辨力，并实现Mbit/s的数据通信。     

Group representation concerns and network formation

This paper studies processes of integration and segregation using a connections model in which individuals form valuable links that also entail a cost. Individuals belong to two different groups and care about whether their own group represents a sufficient fraction in their neighborhood. Concerns for representation promote the segregation of societies as even for small linking costs individuals do not link to different others because of the threat that their group becomes under-represented. For certain cost ranges, concerns for representation also determine efficient networks because forming links with members of the opposite group entails a utility loss due to under-representation.     

Pro-cyclicality beyond business cycle

We show that pro-cyclicality is inherent in risk measure estimates based on historical data. Taking the example of VaR, we show that the empirical VaR measure is mean-reverting over a 1-year horizon when the portfolio is held fixed. It means that a capital requirement rule based on historical measurements of VaR tends in calm times to understate future required capital and tends in volatile times to overstate it. To quantify this pro-cyclicality, we develop a simple and efficient methodology, which we apply to major equity market indices. We make the interesting point that the pro-cyclicality property holds true even in a world with constant volatility, though the empirical magnitude of the mean-reversion is greater than what would be observed in that special case.     

消费者视角下企业社会责任：实践表征与理论进展

文章基于消费者的视角出发,利用实践表征与理论研究双途径相结合的方式,系统总结了消费者视角下企业社会责任的实践表征方式以及消费者视角下企业社会责任的理论研究进展。最后,通过匹配消费者视角下企业社会责任的实践现状和理论进展两者之间的深层次关联,提出了未来研究的主要方向。     

基于城市轨道交通网络的广告营销站点选择研究

城市轨道交通网络背景下的广告营销已成为一种流行的产品推广方式，快速、准确筛选出传播范围广、影响力高的站点，运营方和投资商对其投入大量广告可以产生较高的宣传力度和回报收益。影响力最大化的提出，为解决站点筛选提供了一种新的思路，首先提出一种融合节点结构信息和网络拓扑结构信息的网络表示学习模型，并将其用于学习网络节点的特征向量；进一步将网络节点的特征向量输入聚类算法中有效筛选候选种子集，同时结合贪婪策略从候选种子集中筛选出种子节点集合，进而有效提升网络节点影响力最大化问题求解效果。以武汉地铁网络为例进行验证，结果表明所提方法在传播范围上优于现有的影响力最大化方法，筛选高影响力站点具备合理性。