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41.
42.
We present a model of central bank collateralized lending to study the optimal choice of the haircut policy. We show that
a lending facility provides a bundle of two types of insurance: insurance against liquidity risk as well as insurance against
downside risk of the collateral. Setting a haircut therefore involves balancing the trade-off between relaxing the liquidity
constraints of agents on one hand, and increasing potential inflation risk and distorting the portfolio choices of agents
on the other. We argue that the optimal haircut is higher when the central bank is unable to lend exclusively to agents who
actually need liquidity. Finally, for a temporary surprise drop in the haircut, the central bank can be more aggressive than
when setting a permanent level of the haircut. 相似文献
43.
The ideology of consumption and the imperative of consumer choice have washed across the globe. In today's developed economies there is an ever-increasing amount of buying, amidst an ever-increasing amount of purchase options, amidst an ever-increasing amount of stress, amidst an ever-decreasing amount of discretionary time. This brief essay reviews research suggesting, for example, that hyperchoice confuses people and increases regret, that hyperchoice is initially attractive but ultimately unsatisfying, and that hyperchoice is psychologically draining. Future research is then discussed, including how and why hyperchoice may have other toxic effects on people, including the degrading of moral emotions and behavior. 相似文献
44.
In this study, we draw on industrial organization and institutional research to explore the relationship between market convergence and standardization of advertising programs. We argue that environmental isomorphism, which maintains that the external market environment is a principal driver of firms’ institutional structures, places pressure on firms to adapt their organizational structures and strategies to changing institutional conditions. We propose that the convergence associated with European market integration will lead firms to emphasize three advertising strategies: creating a uniform brand image, appealing to cross-market segments, and increasing cost performance in advertising. Further, we hypothesize that these strategies will be associated with an overall tendency to standardize advertising strategy and execution. Results of a survey of managers of subsidiaries of Japanese and U.S. firms operating in the EU suggest that firms that believe the EU is converging are more likely to engage in these standardized advertising strategies. Additionally, our findings suggest that firms that seek to create a uniform brand image and appeal to cross-market segments are more likely to standardize their overall advertising programs. Finally, we find that firms’ desire to create a uniform brand image is a function of their goal of building brand equity, regardless of the level to which markets converge. We draw implications for research and practice regarding firm responses to market convergence. 相似文献
45.
Kevin?IbehEmail author Jeffrey E.?Johnson Pavlos?Dimitratos Jonathan?Slow 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2004,2(4):289-303
This paper provides some preliminary evidence on the behaviour of the micromultinational, an emergent player in the international entrepreneurship field. Using survey data from the Scottish Council for Development and Industry, it found that mMNEs originate from a mixture of high and low technology sectors and employ Foreign Direct Investment as well as international contractual approaches in servicing their foreign target markets. It also concluded that micromultinationals overseas market selection decisions were mainly influenced by market- and knowledge-seeking factors rather than considerations of psychic proximity. The implications of these summary findings for policy, theory and future research are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
46.
In this article, we document the growing influence of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the realm of socially responsible
investing (SRI). Drawing from ethical and economic perspectives on stakeholder management and agency theory, we develop a
framework to understand how and when NGOs will be most influential in shaping the ethical and social responsibility orientations
of business using the emergence of SRI as the primary influencing vehicle. We find that NGOs have opportunities to influence
corporate conduct via direct, indirect, and interactive influences on the investment community, and that the overall influence
of NGOs as major actors in socially responsible investment is growing, with attendant consequences for corporate strategy,
governance, and social performance. 相似文献
47.
Jonathan A. Wiley Douglas M. Walker 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2011,42(1):99-114
We analyze the effects of commercial casinos on retail property values in the Detroit urban area. Accounting for property
characteristics and proximity to the casinos, casinos are found to have a significantly positive influence on retail property
values. The effect is stronger within a 5-mile radius of the casinos, suggesting that casinos have a complementary, rather
than substitution, effect on other businesses. This provides some of the first micro-level empirical evidence to support the
“drawing power” of casinos and the impact of consumer spending on surrounding businesses. The model developed and tested in
this study can be applied to other casino jurisdictions to gain further evidence on the impact of commercial casinos. 相似文献
48.
John Murray Jonathan Elms Christoph Teller 《International Review of Retail, Distribution & Consumer Research》2015,25(5):473-489
The role and influence of esthetics in the consumption of store environments remains poorly understood. Little is known about how esthetics propose substantial or adjunctive roles in consumers’ store experiences. The aim of this paper is to examine consumer perceptions of store design-architecture in high and low-level design contexts. Building on the esthetics, and environmental psychology literatures, our findings confirm consumers’ determinations of perceptual differences in the esthetic content contained in presented store environmental stimuli. Latent means comparisons confirm consumers’ perceptions of the presence of a high-level design in one fast-fashion store with a low-level design of a second store of the same retailer using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results demonstrate the reliability and validity of the proposed constructs in confirming the presence of higher and low-levels of design. This research, thus, expands on the extant number of store specification and response constructs and prospectively opens up new lines of store environments research. 相似文献
49.
Jonathan Levie 《Small Business Economics》2007,28(2-3):143-169
This paper develops and tests hypotheses concerning the effect of migrant status and ethnicity on propensity to engage in
entrepreneurship (defined as new business activity) at the individual level in the UK. The hypotheses are tested using bivariate
analysis (Pearson tests of independence) and multivariate analysis (binary logistic regression). Bivariate analysis suggests
that new business activity varies with migrant status and ethnicity. Multivariate analysis suggests that migration increases
the odds of engaging in new business activity, that the independent effect of ethnicity is marginal, and that being a recent
ethnic minority migrant decreases the odds, after controlling for other individual level factors. At the regional level, a
preliminary analysis suggests that gross migration flow has a higher correlation with new business activity than other commonly
used regional demographic or economic development measures.
相似文献
50.