IPOs行为抑价分析

IPOs抑价是世界范围普遍存在的现象,一直是学术研究的热点。本文从行为金融学的角度将投资者分为理性交易者、过度自信交易者、噪声交易者和无信息交易者,通过过度自信静态均衡价格和噪声静态均衡价格,建立了行为抑价模型,其中的行为抑价由理性抑价、过度自信抑价和噪声抑价构成。     

风险还是机遇：经济政策不确定性对制造业突破式创新的影响

利用2010—2017年中国A股制造业上市公司数据，基于实物期权理论与宏观经济政策不确定性理论揭示经济政策不确定性对制造业突破式创新的影响及作用机制。由行为金融学视角出发，考察管理者过度自信对两者关系的调节作用。结果表明：经济政策不确定性对制造业突破式创新具有抑制作用，且这种抑制作用在先进制造业中更显著；管理者过度自信可削弱经济政策不确定性对制造业突破式创新的抑制作用；相较国有制造企业，非国有制造企业受经济政策不确定性的影响更显著，且管理者过度自信在非国有制造企业中的调节作用更显著。进一步分析其作用机制发现，融资约束在经济政策不确定性与制造业突破式创新关系中起部分中介作用。研究结论对制造业降低经济政策不确定性带来的风险，寻求高质量发展机遇具有一定的启示。     

Mistaken self-perception and equilibrium

Summary. Motivated by real-world information economics problems and by experimental findings on overconfidence, this paper introduces a general epistemic construction to model strategic interaction with incomplete information, where the players self-perception may be mistaken. This allows us to rigorously describe equilibrium play, by formulating appropriate equilibrium concepts. We show that there always exist objective equilibria, where the players correctly anticipate each others strategies without attempting to make sense of them, and that these outcomes coincide with the equilibria of an associated Bayesian game with subjective priors. In population games, these equilibria can also be always introspectively rationalized by the players, despite their possibly mistaken self-perception.Received: Received: May, 12, 2003; revised version: 3 December 2004, Revised: 3 December 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: J31, D82, D83.I thank Massimiliano Amarante, Eddie Dekel, Massimo Marinacci, Jean Francois Mertens, Giuseppe Moscarini, Paolo Siconolfi, Marciano Siniscalchi, Joel Sobel, and an anonymous referee.     

Longshots,overconfidence and efficiency on the Iowa Electronic Market

We study the forecast accuracy and efficiency of popular “binary” prediction markets. Such markets forecast probabilities for future states of the world (e.g., election winners) by paying off $0 or $1 depending on the realized state (e.g., who actually wins). To assess accuracy, forecast probabilities must be compared to realization frequencies, not individual realizations. We use Iowa Electronic Market (IEM) data to test efficiency against two alternative propositions from behavioral finance: the longshot bias and the overconfidence bias (which yield opposing predictions). No longshot bias appears in IEM markets. Nor does overconfidence influence prices at short horizons. However, overconfident traders may bias prices at intermediate horizons. While the markets are efficient at short horizons, non-market data indicate some intermediate-horizon inefficiency. We calculate Sharpe ratios for static trading strategies and document returns for dynamic trading strategies to assess the economic content of the inefficiencies.     

Bank systemic risk and CEO overconfidence

This study examines the relationship between CEO overconfidence and banking systemic risk. We employ the CoVaR (Conditional Value-at-Risk) approach to measure a bank's contribution to systemic risk and compute its MES (Marginal Expected Shortfall) and SRISK (Systemic Risk index) to measure the exposure to banking systemic risk. We use a stock options based measure for CEO overconfidence and explore how managerial overconfidence could be associated with banking systemic risk. Using data for U.S. banks from 1995–2014, we find evidence that banks with overconfident CEOs have a higher contribution and exposure to systemic risk than banks with non-overconfident CEOs. We also show that the impact of CEO overconfidence contributed significantly more to systemic risk during the financial crisis of 2008–2009.     

Are SMEs with immigrant owners exceptional exporters?

Immigrant owners possess valuable human and social capital from which small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) might derive advantages when internationalizing. According to this resource-based perspective, such advantages might be manifested in immigrant-owned SMEs' enhanced ability to identify, evaluate, develop and exploit opportunities in international markets. However, a cognitive perspective offers an opposing view: insofar as immigrant owners are more prone to overconfidence than their non-immigrant counterparts when making internationalization decisions, immigrant-owned SMEs might reap less financial rewards from potentially high-risk international markets. We pit the two perspectives against each other theoretically and empirically by evaluating a) the relationship between business owners' immigrant background and SMEs' export intensity, and b) the extent to which such background moderates the relationship between SMEs' export intensity and (risk-adjusted) financial performance. Based on a representative sample of 9977 Canadian SMEs, we find that the presence of immigrant owners positively impacts export intensity, but negatively moderates the relationship between export intensity and financial performance. We interpret this evidence, combined with supplementary analyses, as support for a cognitive theory of international entrepreneurship in general, and particularly in relation to the role and consequences of entrepreneurs' immigrant background.     

Investigation of investors' overconfidence, familiarity and socialization

This study, using a sample of New Zealand investors, investigates three behavioural finance theories: investor overconfidence, socialization and the familiarity effect. We find support for the investor overconfidence theory, using characteristics such as past success, optimism, confidence in one's abilities, investment experience and investment‐related knowledge. Concerning the socialization theory, we observe that the investors actively sought information regarding the stock market, 75 per cent doing this on a weekly basis. Those investors that kept themselves informed daily outperformed other investors by 8 per cent. The familiarity effect was confirmed, showing investors to hold a far too high proportion of local stocks, although the majority of investors believed international equity markets would provide returns that were either better or equal to New Zealand stocks.     

战略性新兴产业的市场脆弱性及管理者过度自信--基于无锡尚德太阳能电力有限公司破产重组案例研究

利用数量技术方法构建了新兴产业市场脆弱性模型,并且用Matlab软件模拟了市场脆弱性演化趋势,利用文献法总结了管理者过度自信的测量方法和成因,用案例研究方法从市场脆弱性和管理者过度自信双视角分析了无锡尚德破产重组的原因。研究得出：新兴产业市场存在市场脆弱性问题,它受政策、偏好和技术三因素的影响显著;当前,新兴产业处于发展阶段,新兴产业的企业应该具备动态竞争能力,不宜采用规模化和成本化战略,宜采用专业化、小规模和差异化的柔性战略;管理者过度自信会让企业决策偏离对市场脆弱性的客观认识,从而导致企业在决策中采取更冒险的决策行为;战略性新兴产业市场脆弱性和管理者过度自信最终导致了无锡尚德的失败。最后,给出了一些管理建议。     

Potential Underdog Bias,Overconfidence and Risk Propensity in Investor Decision-Making Behavior

Abstract

In this study we investigate whether investors are prone to take risks, both in terms of how they rate their risk propensity and their behavior in choosing between options with different risk levels, and whether they display overconfidence and underdog bias. We also investigate the relationships among underdog bias, overconfidence and risk propensity. The results indicate overconfidence levels similar to that in other populations and do not reveal underdog bias or high levels of risk propensity. We found support for a negative predictive relationship between underdog bias and overconfidence.     

Investor Overconfidence in Experimental Asset Markets across Market States

Abstract

This study explores how individual overconfidence adjusts after receiving extreme feedback that either supports or contradicts previous decision-making when buying or selling stocks. We find that highly contradicting feedback causes overconfidence to vanish as confidence declines sharply while supportive signals cause overconfidence to increase. Further evidence suggests that strong feedback impulses are associated with higher investor disagreement, supporting prior hypotheses that investors interpret such impulses differently. We also find that methodologies that measure overconfidence in prediction tasks systematically overstate confidence scores as respondents tend to fail to internalize stated confidence intervals appropriately.