产权、金融稳定政策与中央银行独立性

This paper builds a micro-behavior model of central bank and financial institutions from the perspective of property-rights. By analyzing the theoretical model and the practice, we conclude that, in the framework of the present financial stabilization policies in China, the central bank’s functions of monetary policy and financial stabilization are enslaved to financial institutions. Thus, central bank independence has been damaged because of the actual property-right relation between the central bank and the financial institutions. The policy implication is to cut off the property-right relation between the central bank and the financial institutions. __________ Translated from Caijing wenti yanjiu 财经问题研究 (Research on Finanical and Economic Issues), 2007, (6): 3–9     

浅论企业内部审计存在的问题及对策

目前，我国在企业内部审计中还存在审计职责与职权不相匹配、信息技术建设与时代的发展不相称、知识结构跟不上形势发展以及审计仍处于“查错防弊”上等问题，导致审计的作用未能发挥出来。我国应从强化内部审计对策入手，加快转换经营观念，科学定位审计职能，从事后审计逐步向事前及事中审计转变，扩大审计的范围，提高审计人员的业务水平，使之更有效地管理和控制各项活动，以提高经济效益，降低经营风险。     

Are fully independent audit committees really necessary?

Accounting scandals and concerns about the quality of financial statements have led to many calls for improved audit committee effectiveness. Prior research indicates that audit committee independence is positively related to effective oversight of the financial reporting process. Unfortunately, prior research has not provided an answer as to how much independence on the audit committee is enough. This is an important unanswered question because while Section 301 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) currently requires all listed companies to maintain an audit committee that is 100% independent there has been much debate regarding easing the SOX requirements for smaller and foreign companies. In this paper we examine whether the regulatory requirements of a completely independent audit committee are necessary to obtain the monitoring benefits related to audit committee independence that have been documented in prior literature. Our results suggest that the benefits of audit committee independence are consistently achieved only when the audit committee is completely independent. These results provide support for the SOX requirement of 100% independent audit committees.     

‘An Examination of the Ethical Commitment of Professional Accountants to Auditor Independence’

This research explores the relationship between work context and professional ethics. Specifically, we analyze through an online survey of professional accountants the degree to which changing work conditions have altered individual accountants’ commitment to the core professional value of auditor independence. We argue that certain changes in the condition of work have made some categories of accountants more susceptible to the logic of commercialism rather than the logic of professionalism. We find general support for this argument. We observe that accountants working outside of public accounting have a higher commitment to independence than do accountants working in the context of public accounting firms. We further observe that accountants in large international accounting firms (i.e. the “Big Four”) report lower commitment to auditor independence than do others in public accounting. And we observe that older accountants report stronger commitment to auditor independence. One finding, however, contradicts our general thesis. We find that commitment to one’s client does not necessarily result in a loss of commitment to the core professional value of independence. We conclude that changes in the context of work have contributed to the demise of ethics among professional accountants and suggest that further research be done to elaborate the relationship between client commitment and independence commitment.     

公司治理、董事会独立性与公司绩效

通过利用215家上市公司2001-2003年的数据,对董事会的独立性与公司业绩的关系进行实证分析发现:我国上市公司董事会的独立性较差,独立董事对公司业绩的影响很小,独立董事在很大程度上只起到“装饰”性的作用。因此,不断完善我国的独立董事制度,努力提高董事会的独立性,建立董事会的约束机制,对改善上市公司治理绩效有重要意义。     

Audit report information content and the provision of non-audit services: Evidence from Spanish lending decisions

This study examines whether auditor economic independence affects the information content of going concern audit reports in the European setting. We conduct an experiment where 80 experienced Spanish loan officers from the second largest European commercial bank review a loan request under two lending scenarios: (1) a potential borrower receiving an unqualified but modified going concern opinion, and (2) a potential borrower receiving a qualified going concern opinion. Auditor economic independence, measured by the provision of non-audit services (NAS), is manipulated (absence vs. presence of significant NAS). We find that a qualified going concern audit report is interpreted as a primary warning signal (death penalty). However, the provision of NAS acts as a second order mechanism that only activates loan officers’ professional skepticism in the case of an unqualified but modified going concern report scenario. Therefore, we find evidence suggesting that the potential negative impact of a perceived lack of auditor independence depends on the nature of the audit report. Our findings have important implications for the European regulator, which is currently considering establishing an auditor independence regulation framework similar to that in the United States of America.     

基于VAR模型的我国外汇储备、货币供应量与信贷规模关系研究

1994年外汇管理体制改革以来我国外汇储备持续增长,已成为世界上外汇储备最多的国家。巨额外汇储备使得货币供应量增加,银行信贷规模不断扩大。结合2006年至2013年季度数据,基于VAR模型运用协整方法探讨我国外汇储备、货币供应量及银行信贷规模的关系,并通过脉冲响应和方差分解予以进一步分析。结果表明,三变量之间存在长期稳定的均衡关系,外汇储备的增长促进货币供应量的增加,而货币供应量的增加又进一步推动了银行信贷规模的扩张。最后,基于以上分析提出相关对策建议。     

中国共产党领导下的早期审计制度（1921—1927年）：动因分析、路径选择与经验启示

中国共产党对审计制度的早期探索,在内因上是基于马克思主义政党本质属性驱动下的必然选择,具有丰富的理论基础和清晰的理论发展脉络;在外因上受到当时政治经济环境的深刻影响,特别是经济环境的差异直接推动了审计制度探索路径的多元化。这一时期,审计制度探索形成了一定的历史经验和规律性认识：在目标定位上,审计始终坚持党的集中统一领导,紧紧围绕党的中心任务开展经济监督;在运行机制上,较早形成了审计独立和审计公开理念,探索审计机构与财政机构分离设置,在一定范围内公开审计结果;在作用功能上,较早发挥了审计反腐功能,有意识地通过审计监督揭示重大贪腐案件;在方式方法上,以账目检查为主,并出现了事前预算审核、事后收支账目检查、集中清查彻查、定期报送检查等多种审计方法。     

我国国家审计体制改革研究述评简

国家审计体制改革一直为审计理论界所关注和探讨,各种观点纷纷提出,大致可以分为改良观、立法观、双轨制、司法观和独立观五种。独立性问题是国家审计体制改革研究的关注点,但是对独立性含义的笼统使用使得独立性问题又成为研究的分歧点。国家审计体制改革应能同时满足政府和公众的审计需要,应从政治学和公共行政学等学科引入新的研究视角。     

C语言指针在数据结构中的妙用

指针既是C语言的特点,也是C语言的重点和难点。用得好,可以简化、优化程序;用不好,不但程序出错,还可能影响整个计算机系统的运行。从四个方面提出了C语言指针在数据结构中的巧妙使用,从而增强模块功能、提高程序的时间和空间性能、提高了模块的安全性、可靠性和独立性。