GIS技术在环境影响评价中的应用策略

在当今社会经济的不断发展中,人们的环保意识也实现了不断提升,而伴随着科学技术的发展,各种先进技术也开始逐渐应用到了环境保护工作中。其中,GIS技术就是一项典型的环境影响评价技术。通过该技术的应用,可以让环境资源、生态资源、土地资源、林业资源以及农业资源等领域得到良好的影响评价,以此来保障资源与环境之间的可持续发展。基于此,论文对该技术在环境影响评价中的具体应用策略进行分析,希望可以为GIS技术在环境影响评价中的合理应用以及环境影响评价效果的提升提供足够动力。     

浅谈T3连接线项目环水保管理控制

高速公路建设规模大、建设周期长、资源消耗集中,与社会进步、经济发展和环境条件密切关联,对于环境保护和水土保持既有积极作用,又有消极影响。论文主要结合中川机场T3航站楼连接线建设项目环水保管理方面的一些经验和做法,探讨高速公路建设项目环水保在施工阶段的管理控制要素,提出了环水保标准化管理的建议,供高速公路及其他建设项目的环境保护和水土保持管理提供参考。     

Mongolian nomadic culture and ecological culture: On the ecological reconstruction in the agro-pastoral mosaic zone in Northern China

After analyzing the grassland environmental characteristics and nomads vs. agrarian land use styles and their ecological and environmental influences in the arid and semiarid agro-pastoral mosaic zone in northern China, it was concluded that Mongolian nomadic culture is more close to the basic principles of the ecological culture in the modern sense. Mongolian nomadic culture has advantages over agrarian culture in ecology and environmental care, sustainable utilization of grasslands, and in sustainable human social economic development in the region. Generally speaking nomadic culture prevents desertification; whereas, agrarian culture facilitates desertification. Confliction between nomadic protection and agrarian destruction of grassland ecosystem is essentially focused on the problem of regional and even global ecological safety. Obviously, protection of ecological safety should be given priority because human social and economic existence, as well as development depend on and are decided by the vulnerable ecological safety in the arid and semiarid areas. Therefore expansion of cropping into the fragile ecosystem of arid lands was unfortunate. The long term sustainable management of these grassland ecosystems could benefit from reversal of policies that are exacerbating the problems of land degradation, and from the adoption of land use practices that have been successfully applied for centuries by Mongolian herders. Protection of grasslands and nomadic culture is far more important or even vital to the subsistence and sustainability of human and all other beings, compared to the protection of agrarian lifestyle and land cultivation. Protection of ecologic safety is protecting the premise and fundamental bases of economic and social development in the area. It is important to derive the rational elements of nomadic culture in construction of ecological culture, and in the ecological reconstruction in northern China. Based on analyzing and reasoning in line with the quintessence of nomadic culture summarized, some proposals on ecological reconstruction in the area are presented.     

开放条件下我国外贸政策的定位及体系构建

具有渐进性、法制化和市场化特征的我国外贸体制改革以及贸易自由化与贸易保护并存的对外开放 ,要求我国对外贸易政策应该是在贸易自由化过程中的合理保护———开放型有管理的自由贸易政策。这一政策应遵循开放、适度有效的保护和竞争的原则 ,其政策基点是贸易保护的适度性 ,表现为保护的动态性、主动性、目的性和差别性。我国开放型有管理的自由贸易政策的实施应有体制上的保障 ,以扩大出口为主要政策目标 ,并与产业政策相结合 ,真正促进社会资源的有效配置 ,保证社会经济效益的提高并促进市场秩序的完善。     

关于自然保护投入来源的探究

现阶段自然保护的目标是提高经济增长的稳定性和降低经济增长的社会成本。围绕着这一目标,解决自然保护所需投入问题的关键,是建立行之有效的投入机制。     

西部经济开发与环境的关系及和谐模式

在经济高速增长的同时,环境保护与经济发展二者之间相互促进、相互制约,相互矛盾而又相互统一。在资源有限的前提下,如何达到经济发展与环境保护和谐的模式,本文通过分析西部开发对自然环境及经济环境的影响以及环境的改变对经济环境所产生的影响,得出经济发展与环境呈正相关的因果关系,通过对目前经济开发与环保之间现有模式的分析,构建了经济与环境并重和谐发展的模型。     

运用排污权交易改善晋江市垃圾治理现状

如何建设节约型社会是时下舆论讨论的热点问题之一,正确处理好经济发展与环境保护也是建设和谐社会的核心命题之一。本文通过分析晋江市工业垃圾治理模式如何由靠牺牲环境为代价的粗放型模式—模式Ⅰ,向封闭的、可循环的集约型模式—模式Ⅱ转变,证明经济发展与环境保护是完全可以协调统一的;同时,通过分析模式Ⅱ的不足,进一步引入排污权交易理论,结合晋江市的实际情况,创造性地提出了具有实用性和通用性的垃圾治理方式——模式Ⅲ。     

保护创新的机制

在很大程度上，创新保护是一个比创新本身更为重要的问题。基于国外学者的研究工作，考虑了中国创新知识产权保护的法规，指出创新保护机制的重要性，分析了我国各种创新保护机制的特点，并识别了其各自的优势和劣势。     

九寨——黄龙核心景区生态旅游环境保护探析

本文基于对九寨—黄龙核心景区生态保护现状的分析,对景区生态环境保护进行了诊断,并提出应以环境容量为基础,运用经济原理,整合行政资源,以达到管理科学、生态平衡、持续发展的目标。     

The Change of Ecological Footprint and Its Effect on Sustainable Development in Beijing of China

Speeding up the environmental protection and construction is one of the major issues in ＂Greener Olympic Games＂ held in Beijing in 2008. Making a thorough study to find out the reliable measures to ecological resumption in Beijing has an important scientific and practical significance. It can provide scientific basis for making a better decision for ＂Greener Olympic Games＂ held in capital Beijing and development in harmony for society and economy, as well as management for ecological environment. By studying of change of ecological footprint from 1990 to 2003 in Beijing, the paper shows that ecological footprint per capita has a strong relativity with population and GDP, and both of the correlation coefficient between them is about 0.92, as well as the fossil energy land has a position in the lead in ecological footprint items. The study also shows that the ecological capacity per capita in Beijing occupied about 1.25% in global ecological capacity per capita. Began 1990, the ecological deficit in Beijing was about 0.72 hm2, which is at strong unsustainable development at present. Finally, the paper suggests social and economic structure should be adjusted as soon as possible, resources should be strengthen sustainable used and population increasing should be controlled strictly, as well as arable land also should be under control used for built-up areas. Simultaneity, the utilizing ratio of energy sources should be increased, and the consumption of energy sources and ecological deficit in Beijing should be reduced in order to speed up the society and economy development in harmony and sustainment.