社会保障支出、地区差异与积极老龄化

积极老龄化作为应对老龄化挑战的一种有效手段,能提高老年人的晚年生活质量,充分发挥老年人的“余热”,然而现有研究在一定程度上缺乏对积极老龄化前因变量的深入探索。文章构建了老年群体的社会保障支出影响社会参与意识形成及其转化为社会参与行为的理论框架,并用泰尔指数解析社会保障支出对积极老龄化的省际影响和区域影响,以捕捉积极老龄化的客观和主观条件。运用中国动态劳动力调查(CLDS)和2017年《中国统计年鉴》数据进行的实证研究表明:人均社会保障支出对积极老龄化的发展具有显著负向影响;社会保障支出水平对积极老龄化的发展产生显著正向影响;老年人的人力资本、工作经历和健康持久性在人均社会保障支出与积极老龄化之间存在显著调节效应;东中西三大经济带的社会保障支出差异对积极老龄化的影响不显著,但相邻省份的社会保障支出差异对积极老龄化具有显著负向影响。     

How do changes in household economic conditions affect cognitive function?

This study examines the effects of changes in household economic conditions on cognitive function using individual panel data from the National Survey of the Japanese Elderly. This study captures the objective and subjective economic conditions and examines which aspects of economic conditions affect cognitive function. The results demonstrate that deterioration in economic conditions damages cognitive function. In particular, objective economic conditions measured by income affect the cognitive function of Japanese men. This study also assesses possible pathways through which economic conditions affect cognitive function.     

The macroeconomic impact of automation: Applications to elderly care

When automation technology can both help a firm's production and be widely used in the provision of long-term care for the elderly, developments in automation can potentially help alleviate the situation of a declining birthrate in an aging society and increase production and household welfare. In addition, this paper obtains results consistent with the real-world situation in which population aging and a declining birthrate arise simultaneously. Considering the case where automation technology is developed by firms does not change the main findings. Therefore, the government should encourage people to engage in the development of automation.     

Demographics,Monetary Policy,and the Zero Lower Bound

We develop a New Keynesian life-cycle model to assess the importance of population aging for monetary policy. The model successfully matches the age profiles of consumption-savings decisions made by European households. It implies that demographic trends contribute significantly to the decline of the natural rate of interest (NRI) and potential output growth, and exacerbate the risk of hitting the zero lower bound (ZLB), given the current inflation targets. Under a realistic assumption that the central bank updates its estimates of the NRI only with some lag, aging may additionally lead to a sizable and persistent deflationary bias, elevating the ZLB risk even further.     

河北省人口老龄化现状分析及发展预测

利用河北省第5次人口普查数据,编制了河北省人口简略寿命表,并在此基础上,采用人口年龄移算法构建统计模型,对2000-2050年河北省人口老龄化的变化趋势进行了预测。结果表明:1)2000年河北省人口年龄锥体接近壶型,说明种群正处于衰老阶段,人口总体数量将在未来呈现下降趋势;2)2000-2050年,河北省老年人口数量将呈逐年递增态势,其中在2000年至2020年,河北省老年人口增长速度最快,为老龄化高速发展期;3)在老年人口总量增长的过程中,80岁以上高龄老年人在老年人口中的比例增加迅速,到2050年可占到老年人口的39%。因此,中高龄老年人的赡养问题将成为未来河北省所面临的主要经济和社会问题。