政府补助、企业创新对投资者投资决策的信号传递效应

基于信号理论，从内外部信号视角出发，以2012-2018年中国上市科技型中小企业动态面板数据为研究样本，构建聚类稳健双向固定效应计量模型，实证分析政府补助、企业创新以及两者交互作用对外部投资者投资决策的影响机理。结果表明：政府补助向外部投资者传递积极信号，能够给科技型中小企业带来更多的外部投资；高风险的企业创新会抑制外部投资者的投资行为，向外部投资者传递消极信号。政府补助与企业创新的交互作用方面：政府直接补助一定程度上削弱了企业创新对投资者投资决策带来的消极影响，而间接补助则正向调节企业创新产出向投资者传递的消极信号。最后，提出缓解科技型中小企业融资约束的对策建议。     

高管团队认知交互与创新绩效的关系：有调节的中介效应检验

在高度不确定的外部环境下，提高创新能力成为高技术企业增强竞争力的重要战略方向。既有关于不同认知层面与行为或绩效关系的研究，忽视了对动态环境下团队认知交互作用机制的思考。从认知视角出发，探讨了动态能力在高管团队认知交互与创新绩效间的中介作用、动态环境对动态能力与创新绩效关系的调节作用，以及动态环境对上述中介作用的调节效应。以长三角地区335家IT企业为研究样本，研究发现：①高管团队认知交互与创新绩效有正相关关系；②动态能力在高管团队认知交互与创新绩效之间具有中介作用；③环境动态性对动态能力与创新绩效的关系有正向调节作用；④环境动态性强化了上述中介作用。     

Interactions,innovation, and services

Although research has acknowledged the importance of supplier–buyer relationships for goods innovation, empirical evidence on the extent and nature of the effects of original equipment manufacturing (OEM) supplier–buyer relationships on service innovation remains scarce. Based on a survey of 152 suppliers in Taiwan, this study concludes that the interaction orientation of OEM suppliers is a key factor influencing the development of two competencies: joint innovation competence and cross-functional information dissemination competence. These two competencies contribute to OEM suppliers’ exploitative service innovation and explorative service innovation, respectively. In other words, applying a resource-based view, this study provides clarity regarding the linkages shown below (an organization’s strategic orientation influences its development of organizational capabilities and results in organizational performance) for the purpose of exploring the relationship between interaction orientation and service innovation.     

大学英语课堂互动教学模式的构建

互动课堂教学模式突出了外语课堂教学中学生的主体地位与教师的主导作用，符合当今外语教学所提倡的理念。该教学模式是以建构主义、人本主义、社会互动理论为理论依据，以合作学习为主要活动形式，最终目标在于发展学生的交际能力。     

城乡互动产业协调 推动绿洲城乡一体化

城乡一体化是绿洲经济发展的长远目标。本文认为，当前根植于交通网络的城乡两地三次产业互动是绿洲城乡一体化的基本路径。     

Self- and collective-interests: Using formal network activities for developing firms' business

Many inter-firm network initiatives supported by government funds are based upon the idea that benefits rise incrementally as more actors connect with each other. This paper takes the stand that self-interest and collective-interest are evident in how firms participate in network activities, and how these activities are related to the development of the network. A time-flow model is presented of firms' participation and activities in a network according to specific blends and understandings of self- and/or collective-interest. The way the network is formed also shapes managerial understanding of why firms participate in activities and how self- and collective-interests coincide. A qualitative study in the Danish food industry establishes that every firm views business network activities as important, but each engages differently in these activities. The results of this study reveal interesting patterns between self- and collective-interests for those participating in network activities and the resulting network development. A key finding of this study is the importance of a firm's ability to convert the collective-interest of joint network activities into self-interest gains for the firm. This ability is proposed as an additional network competence to those already present in the literature.     

社会互动对家庭商业保险参与的影响——来自中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据的实证分析

本文基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,探讨了社会互动对家庭商业保险购买行为的影响。研究发现:社会互动显著提高了家庭商业保险参与的可能性与参与程度,并且在控制了内生性之后,这种促进作用依然显著;同时本文通过金融知识和商业保险信任度等变量验证了社会互动影响家庭商业保险参与行为的两种作用渠道;异质性分析表明,社会互动对于东部和中部地区、中等学历、高收入水平、低参与率社区中家庭的促进作用更大。本文的研究为我国商业保险市场的发展提供了一个新的社会特征视角,重视社会互动的促进作用,加强保险业诚信建设,以此推动我国商业保险业健康快速发展。     

An Investigation of Consumer Subjective Knowledge in Frontline Interactions

It is no secret that the consumer journey produces retail consumers who have varying levels of subjective knowledge about a purchase prior to a retail interaction. This observation leads to a common conclusion that the need for frontline employees (FLEs) in retail environments is diminishing. Nevertheless, retailers invest heavily in staffing and training FLEs. As such, understanding pre-encounter subjective knowledge and how FLEs should address it is critical, yet the topic is largely overlooked in the marketing literature. Thus, we investigate consumer subjective knowledge via an information diagnosticity lens to provide guidance on how subjective knowledge operates when the information in question is scarce/known, tacit/explicit, and specific/general. The results of three experiments reveal consumers can be classified as traditional, well-calibrated, or poorly-calibrated based on their subjective knowledge prior to meeting with an FLE – with each type requiring different FLE approaches to improve both consumers’ willingness to buy and acceptance of FLE recommendations.     

Relative performance of judgmental methods for forecasting the success of megaprojects

Forecasting the success of megaprojects, such as the Olympic Games or space exploration missions, is a very difficult but important task, due to their complexity and the large capital investment they require. Typically, megaproject stakeholders do not employ formal forecasting methods, but instead rely on impact assessments and/or cost–benefit analysis; however, as these tools do not necessarily include forecasts, there is no accountability. This study evaluates the effectiveness of judgmental methods for successfully forecasting the accomplishment of specific megaproject objectives, where the measure of success is the collective accomplishment of such objectives. We compare the performances of three judgmental methods used by a group of 69 semi-experts: unaided judgement (UJ), semi-structured analogies (s-SA), and interaction groups (IG). The empirical evidence reveals that the use of s-SA leads to accuracy improvements relative to UJ. These improvements are amplified further when we introduce the pooling of analogies through teamwork in IG.     

Networking under uncertainty: Concepts and research agenda

This paper has two aims: Firstly, to develop the interpretation of business management as a process of ‘networking’ between companies by relating networking to the concepts of managerial uncertainties and abilities. Secondly, to suggest some areas of potential research that arise from the view of management as networking under uncertainty.The paper builds on the Activities, Actors, Resources (ARA) structure (Håkansson & Snehota 1995) and the Model of Managing in Business Networks (Håkansson et al., 2009) and interprets business interaction as a problem-coping process that involves a set of choices for interacting actors within particular business relationships that are unique in time and space. The paper then relates these choices to the uncertainties and abilities of interacting counterparts.