煤矸石的危害与综合利用

煤矸石是在煤炭开采、洗选加工过程中所产生的固体废物,是我国目前排放量最大、利用率最低的工业废渣之一,弃之为害,用之为宝。论述了煤矸石的概况和主要危害,探讨煤矸石的资源化综合利用,使之达到废物无害化、减量化、资源化利用,保护生态环境,实现可持续发展的目标。     

浅谈公共娱乐场所存在消防隐患的原因及对策

对近年公共娱乐场所的火灾隐患进行分析研究,得出公共娱乐场所存在的消防安全问题,主要使疏散通道、装修材料、消防管理等方面。最后针对以上问题提出了改善消防安全的整改措施,主要有加强教育与落实安全责任。     

Optimal partnership contracts: Foundation and duality

We use the duality in linear programming to solve the problem of optimal contracts with moral hazards. We show the importance of allowing the partners to throw away outputs under some contingencies. A two-step procedure is used to find the optimal contracts. The first step minimizes the loss from undistributed outputs, and in the second step, a second best solution is found. A characterization of the optimal contracts in two-by-two-by-two partnership games is offered. Such contracts implement an optimal strategy profile that either has no incentive cost to implement or is near a pure strategy profile.     

The importance of threat,strategy, and resource appraisals for long-term proactive risk management among forest owners in Sweden

In natural hazards management, it is important to understand what motivates people to act when they or their property are threatened by natural hazards. Despite the importance of both threat and coping appraisals for responses to threats, less is known about the relations between threat and coping appraisals when risk management is long term. The present study examined appraisals of threat (cognitive and emotional), personal resources (cost and self-efficacy), and strategies (response-efficacy) as predictors of proactive management responses (past behavior and future intention) among forest owners in Sweden by means of a questionnaire (n = 1482). A path analysis revealed that threat appraisals and response-efficacy were direct predictors of past risk management behavior and the intention to respond in the future. Appraisals of resources, including cost and self-efficacy, were indirectly – via forest susceptibility and threat appraisals – related to threat responses. Although the model displayed reasonable fit for both owners more and those less involved in forestry, the cognitive appraisals variable was not a significant predictor of responses among owners less involved in forestry. In the full sample, the examined model explained approximately 50% of the variance in threat appraisals, and 28 and 17% in future intention and past behavior, respectively. Theoretical implications for how threat and coping appraisals are related during long-term risk management, and practical implications for forest risk management, are discussed.     

The institutional context of poverty: State fragility as a predictor of cross‐national variation in commercial microfinance lending

We examine cross‐national variation in the global growth of commercial microfinance from 1998 to 2009 as a natural experiment to analyze the role of national institutions in shaping the ability of commercial enterprises to reach the global poor. Our results demonstrate that a country's level of state fragility represents an important institutional context of poverty that explains significant cross‐national variation in the commercial microfinance industry's ability to grow its client base, control costs, and attract commercial capital. Moreover, we find that commercial microfinance lenders have experienced greater difficulty than nonprofit lenders in growing their client base in more fragile state settings. Our results support the proposition that the state shapes both institutional hazards and opportunities for business‐led efforts to combat global poverty. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于企业内部营销腐败问题的研究

随着经济发展,营销腐败蔓延到各个行业和阶层,对社会、企业、顾客产生了巨大的负面影响。企业内部营销腐败是在企业内部发生的营销腐败,它对企业影响更直接,危害更大。从当前的商业环境出发,通过对企业内部营销腐败表现形式、产生的原因和危害分析,探讨性提出了防范和治理企业内部营销腐败的措施。     

加拿大自然灾害管理机制与启示

加拿大联邦、省/地区和市三级政府制定了一系列应对自然灾害的政策和计划,形成了一套较为高效和系统的自然灾害管理机制和措施.我国可借鉴和吸取国外先进的管理经验和技术,加快立法,加强预防和减灾工作,鼓励研发合作,建立系统的管理机制,不断提高抗灾救灾能力.     

城市应急系统的经济性与可持续性研究

本文从城市应急系统建设的必要性和城市应急系统的地位两方面分析了城市应急系统建设的意义,并分别从保障城市安全、降低城市灾害经济损失和增强城市可持续发展能力三方面研究了城市应急系统对城市发展的影响.通过对城市应急系统的经济性与可持续性研究,说明建立完善的城市应急系统不仅可以及时有效地预防各种城市灾害,降低突发事故的损失,还可以带来长期的经济效益和社会效益.因此,政府对于城市应急系统的重视和投入,对于保障城市的安全以及推进城市可持续发展具有重要的战略意义.     

贵州省沿河县地质灾害发育现状及防治措施

沿河土家族自治县位于贵州省东北部,区内地质环境较为复杂,地质灾害给国家和人民生命财产造成了巨大的损失,严重影响了地方经济的发展。该区地质灾害主要类型有滑坡、崩塌、潜在不稳定斜坡和地面塌陷等,其形成因素除特殊地形地貌和岩性组合特征外,与人为地质作用密切相关。剖析本地区地质灾害发育特征与现状,具有针对性地进行地质灾害防治工作对改善生态地质环境、保护人民生命财产安全具有重要现实意义和政治效益。     

A through-the-cycle model for retail lending economic capital

Problems in the US mortgage industry have shown weaknesses in the standard regulatory and economic capital approaches. Although a significant amount of discussion is occurring around how to segment portfolios or predict key variables in order to better fit the existing formulas, we believe that a re-examination of existing capital formulas with respect to credit risk is required.In this paper we develop a formula which is specifically tuned to the dynamics of retail loan portfolios and which could be employed for either regulatory capital or economic capital. The key advantages of this approach are that it is based upon a much more accurate model of retail loan defaults, does not require any new data feeds, is based upon readily available modeling frameworks, and can adapt to portfolio changes such as those observed in the US mortgage crisis.