Hospital staff shortage: the role of the competitiveness of pay of different groups of nursing staff on staff shortage

Shortages of nursing staff in OECD countries have been a preoccupation for policy makers. Shortages of staff may be the consequence of uncompetitive pay. In the private sector, employers in different regions can offer different pay rates to reflect local amenities and cost of living. Hospitals in the UK however cannot set the pay for their employees, and as a result they might therefore incur staff shortages. Moreover, occupational groups do not operate in isolation. Shortages of staff may also be the consequence of the competitiveness of pay of an alternative group of staff. This is investigated using two distinct groups of nursing staff: assistant nurses (ANs) and registered nurses (RNs) working in English hospitals in 2003–2005 using national-level data sets. We find that an increase by 10% of the pay competitiveness of RNs decreases the shortage of both the RNs and of ANs by 0.6% and 0.4%, respectively.     

新时期新闻记者综合素质的培养

新闻事业已经成为一个高度综合的高新技术产业。报纸与电视之间、报纸与电台之间。特别是电脑网络的出现。把人们关注的新闻放在立体交叉的空间,形成了一个竞争十分激烈的新闻市场。因而,在新闻媒介的激烈竞争中,新闻记者的综合素质占据着极其重要的位置。新闻记者的素质问题。关系到现阶段新闻队伍的建设问题。     

Reputation and commercialism: Did accounting have a golden age? The US audit profession 1929–1990

This paper argues that maintaining the CPA’s reputation, along with a collegial professional environment, were the central goals of the American audit profession through most of the twentieth century. Matthews (2017) and Lee (1995) contend that economic self-interest has always been the profession’s goal. This paper, based on extensive study of primary sources largely unused by accounting historians, argues that the existing record is not consistent with an economic self-interest thesis. Magali Larson argued in The Rise of Professionalism that professionals tend to pursue social status and collegiality over profit seeking. Auditors worked to maintain the quiet, collegial profession that enhanced their self-image as professionals, not businessmen. But this proved to be unsustainable as the American economy expanded and a market-based ethic pervaded American culture and government in the last third of the twentieth century.     

旅游从业人员灰色收入的来源和作用分析

旅游从业人员的灰色收入一直都是旅游业内甚至整个社会讨论的主题之一。灰色收入长期存在于旅游行业是不争的事实。本文探讨旅游从业人员的灰色收入来源以及讨论它存在的消极作用。