关于物流税收指标体系与政策的探讨

物流业作为新兴的生产性服务业已成为推动经济发展的加速器.税收政策是调整和振兴物流业最重要的政策杠杆,也是物流企业最为关心的政策问题,本文通过分析物流税与税率体系与指标分析含义,中外物流税与税率体系发展,分析新旧物流税优点与不足、税率体系与指标比较,针对物流税与税率体系及指标提出了促进我国物流业发展的相关建议。     

构建以绩效为核心的高校财务分析指标体系的思考

现行的财务分析方法己经不能完全适应高等教育发展和各项改革的要求。为了充分利用现有的财务和会计数据,全面系统地分析高等学校的资金使用效益,分析和比较学校的办学效益,检查和监测学校的财务风险,本文建立了以绩效为核心的高校财务分析体系,以全面系统的分析高等学校办学效益和财务状况。     

基于衍生型环境BSC的绩效评价指标体系设计——以石化企业为例

衍生型环境BSC的构建使环境管理对经济成功贡献之间所暗存的"因果关系"更明晰化、可视化,为促进企业成功实施环保战略提供了管理工具和方法。在国内外相关文献的理论指导下,探讨了衍生型环境BSC的绩效评价指标体系的构建路径和基本架构。把环保战略转化为因果关系耦合的目标和指标,是构建衍生型环境BSC绩效评价指标体系的重要依据。衍生型环境BSC需要从四个维度——财务、客户、内部流程和学习与成长——挖掘与环境相关的内容。结合石化企业的行业背景和企业资料进行了案例分析,为其构建衍生型环境BSC提供一种思路和框架。     

产业集聚的机制与效应分析——以河南省数据为例

本文改进了Ellision和Glaeser定义的地理集中度指数,建立了产业集中度指数并对河南省2003-2009年20个产业的集聚程度进行了测算。我们的结论是,河南省20个产业在2003-2006年间总体集聚程度提高,在2006-2009年间集聚程度大幅下降;河南省产业集聚程度变动的机制与各产业拥有的垄断优势强弱呈正相关关系;这种垄断优势不一定是大企业所特有的,中小企业如果在技术、管理和品牌方面拥有垄断优势也会加强产业的集聚程度,相反大企业仅仅生产规模大而没有其他的垄断优势,则产业的集聚程度会减弱。Porterd和Krugman的产业集聚促进经济增长的理论并不适合所有的产业;产业集聚如果要促进产业和经济的增长,关键是要培育产业在全国范围内技术、资本、管理和品牌方面的垄断优势;河南省总体的垄断优势在全国有弱化的趋势,因此加紧培育产业的垄断优势就成为河南省乃至各地区经济发展的一项重要任务。     

我国经济发展指标体系的构建与应用研究——基于经济发展的数量与质量角度

经济增长与经济发展是经济学中的两个重要概念,本文把单纯的经济增长划归为经济发展的数量方面,将经济发展分为数量与质量两个方面,并基于这个划分角度构建了经济发展指标体系,提供了构建经济指标体系的一个新视角。同时,本文利用该经济发展指标体系对我国1978～2009年的宏观经济数据进行实证研究,刻画了我国经济发展全貌的变动趋势,为经济发展方面的研究提供了一个全局地图。     

Demand system estimation in the absence of price data: an application of Stone-Lewbel price indices

This article evaluates the feasibility of estimating a system of demand equations in the absence of price information using the approach developed by Lewbel (1989). Stone-Lewbel (SL) price indices for commodity groups are constructed using information on the budget shares and the Consumer Price Indices (CPIs) of the goods comprising the commodity groups, which allows for household-level prices to be recovered. This study evaluates how susceptible are elasticities and marginal effects estimates from traditional parametric demand systems to the CPI used in the construction of the SL prices. To do this, three alternative regional CPIs are considered for the construction of the SL prices: monthly, quarterly and a constant (unity) price index. Elasticities and marginal effect estimates are computed for eight food commodity groups using the Exact Affine Stone Index (EASI) model as the parametric demand system and data from the United States Consumer Expenditure Survey. The estimates proved to be robust to the alternative regional CPIs considered in the construction of SL price indices, even to the absence of one. Hence, the results suggest that it is possible to accurately estimate a demand system even in the absence of price information.     

Pareto Index Estimation Under Moderate Right Censoring

Real claim data sometimes are censored from above at a high value induced by the sum insured. In this note we examine the behaviour of extreme-value methods in such settings and propose an adaptation of the popular Hill (1975) estimator. It is argued that the censoring typically cannot exceed 5% for an effective use of the methods suggested.     

Religion,economics and politics: The Bishops and Keynes in the post-Keynesian ERA

This paper makes a proposal for reintroducing sociological or social economics into contemporary economic science. Such a reintroduction is proposed to be substantive, by analyzing the social structuring of the economy, and formal, by including sociological/social economics in the current (JEL) classification system of economic disciplines (code A.15). Both epistemological and ontological arguments can be presented to support the proposal. Epistemological arguments invoke the presence of essential components of sociological economics in the development of economic thought, and ontological arguments stress the role of social factors in economic life. In this paper I present primarily epistemological (theoretical-methodological) arguments for sociological economics, and secondarily ontological ones. I show that the present designation, sociology of economics, is something different from sociological or social economics in that the former refers to economic epistemology (knowledge) and the latter to economic ontology (reality). I conclude that, in addition to a sociology of economic science, we need a sociology of economic life.     

Efficiency tests with overlapping data: an application to the currency options market

This paper presents the results of an empirical study into the efficiency of the currency options market. The methodology derives from a simple model often applied to the spot and forward markets for foreign exchange. It relates the historic volatility of the underlying asset to the implied volatility of an option on the underlying at a specified prior time and then proceeds to test obvious hypotheses about the values of the coefficients. The study uses panel regression to address the problem of overlapping data which leads to dependence between observations. It also uses volatility data directly quoted on the market in order to avoid the biases which may occur when ‘backing out’ volatility from specific option pricing models. In general, the evidence rejects the hypothesis that the currency option market is efficient. This suggests that implied volatility is not the best predictor of future exchange rate volatility and should not be used without modification: the models presented in this paper could be a way of producing revised forecasts.     

Econometric analysis of price index for home video cassette recorders in the U.S., 1978-1987

This paper conducts an empirical analysis on the U.S. VCR market using a hedonic approach. The paper finds that quality-adjusted price indices decline at 11-12% per year, with a large annual drop of about 18% from 1982-85. Estimation and data analysis reveal interesting aspects of the evolution of quality and price in the VCR market. As a result of the exclusion of the VCR category until 1986, the paper estimates a bias of 2.4% per year in the CPI electronics subindex.