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61.
Steven J. Miller Eric T. Bradlow Kevin Dayaratna 《Quantitative Marketing and Economics》2006,4(2):173-206
Articles in Marketing and choice literatures have demonstrated the need for incorporating person-level heterogeneity into
behavioral models (e.g., logit models for multiple binary outcomes as studied here). However, the logit likelihood extended
with a population distribution of heterogeneity doesn’t yield closed-form inferences, and therefore numerical integration
techniques are relied upon (e.g., MCMC methods).
We present here an alternative, closed-form Bayesian inferences for the logit model, which we obtain by approximating the
logit likelihood via a polynomial expansion, and then positing a distribution of heterogeneity from a flexible family that
is now conjugate and integrable. For problems where the response coefficients are independent, choosing the Gamma distribution
leads to rapidly convergent closed-form expansions; if there are correlations among the coefficients one can still obtain
rapidly convergent closed-form expansions by positing a distribution of heterogeneity from a Multivariate Gamma distribution.
The solution then comes from the moment generating function of the Multivariate Gamma distribution or in general from the
multivariate heterogeneity distribution assumed.
Closed-form Bayesian inferences, derivatives (useful for elasticity calculations), population distribution parameter estimates
(useful for summarization) and starting values (useful for complicated algorithms) are hence directly available. Two simulation
studies demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
JEL Classification C6 · C8 · M3 相似文献
62.
How do senior business executives rank their preferences for various ethical principles? And how strongly do the executives believe in these principles? Also, how do these preference rankings relate to the way the executives see the future (wherein business decisions play out)? Research on these questions may provide us with an appreciation of the complexities of ethical behavior in management beyond the traditional issues concerning ethical decision-making in business. Based on a survey of 585 vice presidents of U.S. businesses it was found that: (1) there is a distinct set of principles of ethical conduct that is considered favorable as opposed to another set considered unfavorable among a comprehensive list of 14 ethical principles; (2) the executives believed overwhelmingly that their own individual ethical preferences are better than those of other executives; (3) the strength of their preferences for ethical principles is associated with whether the executives are relatively near-future oriented or more distant-future oriented; and (4), there are very few significant differences in terms of gender, age, education level, private/public education, prestigious/other schools, business/non-business academic backgrounds, and length of job experience. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
63.
Industry changes in technology and complementary assets and the creation of high-growth firms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study uses employment data to examine why some industries host more new high-growth firms than others. Using a unique data base of 201 industries over a 15-year period, we find that increases in the proportion of employment of scientists and engineers in industries are positively associated with counts of fast-growing new firms; however, we do not detect a relationship between fluctuations in the proportion of employment in sales and production occupations and counts of fast-growing new firms. The findings suggest that technological innovation is an important determinant of entrepreneurial opportunity. Further, they suggest that private new firms are an important means of organizing commercial innovation and that new firms may be less constrained by complementary assets than has been previously understood. 相似文献
64.
Entrepreneurs are often thought to engage in "risky" behaviors. Thus, they may be seen as more willing than average to take risks. We offer a dissenting view. Central to entrepreneurship is the alertness perspective which suggests that entrepreneurs may assess opportunities and threats differently than non-entrepreneurs. That differential assessment may be understood in terms of Bayesian probability. The Bayesian model argues that differing assessments of prospective outcomes may be attributable to differences in prior information. This perspective on risk assessment has implications for entrepreneurial decision making, whether to launch a new venture or adopt a growth strategy. The literature is reviewed, a synthesis is offered, a numerical example is developed, and a research agenda is proposed. 相似文献
65.
66.
This paper examines the role of nonfundamentals‐based sentiment in house price dynamics, including the well‐documented volatility and persistence of house prices during booms and busts. To measure and isolate sentiment's effect, we employ survey‐based indicators that proxy for the sentiment of three major agents in housing markets: home buyers (demand side), home builders (supply side), and lenders (credit suppliers). After orthogonalizing each sentiment measure against a broad set of fundamental variables, we find strong and consistent evidence that the changing sentiment of all three sets of market participants predicts house price appreciation in subsequent quarters, above and beyond the impact of changes in lagged price changes, fundamentals, and market liquidity. More specifically, a one‐standard‐deviation shock to market sentiment is associated with a 32–57 basis point increase in real house price appreciation over the next two quarters. These price effects are large relative to the average real price appreciation of 71 basis points per quarter observed over the full sample period. Moreover, housing market sentiment and its effect on real house prices is highly persistent. The results also reveal that the dynamic relation between sentiment and house prices can create feedback effects that contribute to the persistence typically observed in house price movements during boom and bust cycles. 相似文献
67.
The comparative effect of process and outcome accountability in enhancing professional scepticism 下载免费PDF全文
Responding to concerns about insufficient professional scepticism in audits (e.g. PCAOB, 2011 , 2012 ; ASIC, 2012 ), we investigate the effect of process and outcome accountability in enhancing the level of professional scepticism and the differences in effects across audit experience levels. In our experiment, we manipulate the type of accountability (outcome versus process) for both novice auditors and audit seniors. We examine the effect on four measures of professional scepticism and find that auditors show greater levels of professional scepticism when they are expected to justify their judgment process, rather than their final judgments. Our results also show that the professional scepticism of novice auditors improves to a greater extent than that of more experienced auditors (audit seniors) under process accountability. 相似文献
68.
James F Devlin Christine T Ennew Harjit S Sekhon Sanjit K Roy 《Journal of Financial Services Marketing》2015,20(4):234-245
Fostering and maintaining high levels of trust in the financial services sector is seen as crucial because of the characteristics of many financial service and in order to promote consumer engagement in the sector. In this article, we report evidence from a body of work and other commentary to provide an insight into trends in consumer trust in the sector as a whole, in comparison with other organisations and how different types of financial services provider have performed relative to each other. We show that the financial services sector as a whole is trusted more than some comparator institutions, and that aggregate levels of trust in the sector have fluctuated a relatively small amount subsequent to the financial crisis. However, important differences between provider types are apparent and these differences have become more profound in the recent past. We provide suggestions as to how trust in the sector may be improved and provider an analysis of current initiatives to improve trust levels in the sector in general and in banking in particular. 相似文献
69.
Johanna Catherine Maclean Douglas A. Webber Michael T. French Susan L. Ettner 《劳资关系》2015,54(3):478-498
This study investigates the associations between self‐assessed adverse labor market events (experiencing problems with coworkers, employment changes, financial strain) and health. Longitudinal data are obtained from the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions. Our findings suggest problems with coworkers, employment changes, and financial strain are associated, respectively, with a 3.1 percent (3.3 percent), 0.9 percent (0.2 percent), and 4.5 percent (5.1 percent) reduction in mental health among men (women). Associations are smaller in magnitude and less significant for physical health. 相似文献
70.
T. L. P. Tang 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,72(4):375-393
This paper examines a model of income and quality of life that controls the love of money, job satisfaction, gender, and marital
status and treats employment status (full-time versus part-time), income level, and gender as moderators. For the whole sample,
income was not significantly related to quality of life when this path was examined alone. When all variables were controlled,
income was negatively related to quality of life. When (1) the love of money was negatively correlated to job satisfaction and (2) job satisfaction was positively related to both income and quality of life, income
was negatively related to quality of life for full-time, high-income, and male employees. When these two conditions failed
to exist, income was not related to quality of life for part-time, median- or low-income, and female employees. This model
provides new insights regarding the impact of the love of money and job satisfaction on the income–quality of life relationship.
Thomas Li-Ping Tang (Ph.D., Case Western Reserve University) is a Full Professor of Management in the Department of Management
and Marketing, Jennings A. Jones College of Business at Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU), Murfreesboro, Tennessee,
37132. He has taught Industrial and Organizational Psychology at National Taiwan University and at MTSU. Professor Tang teaches
(has taught) EMBA courses in China and France. He serves (has served) on the editorial review board of six journals and as
a reviewer for 26 journals around the world. Professor Tang’s research interests focus upon people’s work motivation, compensation,
money attitudes, the Love of Money, pay satisfaction, turnover, stress, and cross-cultural issues. He has published more than
100 journal articles in top behavior sciences and management journals, including Journal of Applied Psychology, Personnel Psychology, Human Relations, Journal of Management, Management Research, Management
and Organization Review, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Managerial Psychology,
European Sport Management Quarterly, Journal of Higher Education, and others. He has presented more than 185 papers in professional conferences and invited seminars in Austria, China, Czech
Republic, Finland, France, Greece, Hong Kong, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan, the UK, the US, and other
countries. His research has been cited in many languages, textbooks of several fields (e.g., Management Organizational Behavior,
Human Resources Management, Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Human Relations, Compensation, and Statistics), and
popular books. He was the winner of two Outstanding Research Awards (1991, 1999), and Distinguished International Service
Award (1999) at Middle Tennessee State University. He also received the Best Reviewer Award from the International Management
Division of the Academy of Management in Seattle, WA (2003). 相似文献