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排序方式: 共有521条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
工伤保险是当前农民工职业病最主要的保险补偿方式,然而制度设计上偏重普通职业伤害、忽视职业病患者特殊需求的现实,导致大部分农民工职业病患者都无法从工伤保险中得到足额的赔偿金来维持自身及家庭的正常生活。为保障农民工职业病患者的合法权益、缓解因职业病而导致的致贫现象,建议根据当前外出务工农民的现实保险需求,完善这一群体的医疗和养老保险制度,引入商业保险参与农民工职业病患者的保险补偿,构建以工伤保险等社会保险为主体、商业雇主责任保险为补充的多元保险补偿模式。  相似文献   
62.
Abstract

Background:

To evaluate the cost burden of patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) according to the waking hours per day spent in OFF state. An analysis of resource use comprising medical services, professional care and informal care data from an observational, cross-sectional study was conducted.

Methods:

A total of 60 physicians comprising 40 neurologists and 20 geriatricians across the UK participating in the Adelphi PD Disease Specific Programme took part. There were 302 PD patients at H&Y stages 3–5. Patients were characterised according to the percentage of time per day spent in OFF state (<25%, 26–50%, 51–75%, >75%).

Results:

Average 12-monthly total costs increased according to the time spent in OFF state from £25,630 in patients spending less than 25% of their waking hours in OFF to £62,147 for patients spending more than 75% of their time in OFF. Overall, 7% of costs were attributed to direct medical care, while 93% were split between direct non-medical professional care (50%) and indirect informal care (43%).

Limitations:

Low patient numbers in the more advanced disease stages of PD led to very little or no data to directly inform some of the severe health states of the analysis. Data gaps were filled in with data derived from a regression analysis which may affect the robustness of the analysis.

Conclusion:

This study illustrates the increasing costs of advancing PD, in particular related to the time spent in OFF state, and identifies that the foremost cost burden is associated with the care needs of the patient rather than medical services.  相似文献   
63.
    
Although there is growing demand for animal products in Africa, production is stagnating. Appropriate management of livestock diversity could help reinvigorate production, contribute to food security and improve farmers’ livelihoods, particularly in subsistence‐oriented systems. We assess differences in farmers’ preferences and economic values for pig traits across different production systems and across areas that have been affected and unaffected by classical swine fever (CSF). Not surprisingly, market‐oriented farmers derived higher values from the productive traits such as heavy slaughter weight and large litter size found in exotic pig genotypes. Subsistence‐oriented farmers, particularly in swine fever affected areas, placed high value on tolerance to disease. We found that CSF changed farmers’ preferences for adaptive traits, and less so for productive traits. Therefore, indigenous breeds become more valuable for subsistence farmers and crossbreeds for market‐oriented farmers if CSF is a risk. Our results can have implications for breeding and conservation strategies and for compensation strategies after culling, and will become increasingly relevant if, as predicted, heat waves and disease outbreaks become more frequent in pig production systems in South Africa with climate change.  相似文献   
64.
    
The objective of this article is to analyze the domestic and international effects of a hypothetical foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in the Mexican cattle industry. A discrete time dynamic optimization model of the Mexican cattle sector is specified, and linked to domestic and international markets. Economic consequences of FMD outbreaks are simulated over time and under different scenarios. Specific findings and general policy recommendations are provided. The study reports a range of outbreaks from localized to large scale and suggests that changes in economic surplus due to FMD range from a positive net gain of $0.89 to $1.6 billion to a net loss of about $67 billion, depending on the specific mitigation strategy and outbreak scenario.  相似文献   
65.
用人单位是《职业病防治法》所规定的各项职业病防治措施的主要落实者,是劳动者职业健康及其相关权益保护的第一责任人。明目张胆违反《职业病防治法》的用人单位减少了,但在具体工作中,办事不严、忽视、执行不到位的情况依然存在。文章列举了这些问题并提出了解决措施。  相似文献   
66.
李军 《科技和产业》2021,21(8):295-300
公路改扩建工程在广东省正处于快速发展时期,如何准确得到路面病害情况,是旧路处治方案制定面临的主要问题.依托开阳高速改扩建工程,采用三维探地雷达对旧路进行病害检测,得到道路表面及内部的病害分布情况,并分别与人工徒步调查路况及开挖后内部实际情况进行比对.结果表明:当三维探地雷达检测采样间距设置为2.0 cm、驻波时间设置为0.6 ms、时窗设置为85 ns时,可达到较好的检测精准度;三维探地雷达可实现对路面结构内部不同深度位置的裂缝病害进行探测,精确识别3 mm宽裂缝,并了解裂缝的发展方向及性质.  相似文献   
67.
何砚  赵弘 《工业技术经济》2017,36(11):29-36
本文借助超效率 CCR-DEA 模型和 Malmquist 指数,对 2008~2015 年京津冀 13 个城市的可持续发展效率进行了动态测评和对应项分解。研究结果表明:(1)北京与津冀城市的可持续发展效率极为不平衡,北京大幅领先于津冀城市并有逐年扩大的趋势;津冀城市可持续发展效率的差距有逐年缩小的趋势;(2)京津冀城市作为一个整体其可持续发展效率在提高,但各城市可持续发展效率意义上的纯技术效率几乎没有提升;(3)京津冀各城市投入--产出系统虽处于可持续发展效率意义上的规模经济阶段,但不具有持续性。未来京津冀三地应充分利用建设雄安国家新区的战略性历史机遇,统一认识,密切合作,促进京津冀城市经济、社会和资源环境的协调可持续发展。  相似文献   
68.
荷兰病:实证研究及最新进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
经典荷兰病指的是资源繁荣引起生产要素从其他部门(特别是制造业)转移到资源部门,由此产生的逆工业化现象。本文在回顾荷兰病理论基础上,具体描述了经典荷兰病模型、作用机制及其经济结构调整效应,按照假设演进的线索系统梳理了荷兰病数理模型及适用范围,从方法论和检验思路上评述了荷兰病经验检验的线索和进展。本文扩展了荷兰病的内涵,综述了其他生产要素(土地资源、旅游资源、财政资源、金融资源、劳动力资源)新型荷兰病效应的表现和特征,论述了经典荷兰病、新型荷兰病和比较优势陷阱的关系。  相似文献   
69.
为了解释资源诅咒原理在现实中表现的不一致性,将经济发展阶段因素引入以构建自然资源禀赋影响经济发展的理论框架。理论框架的逻辑结论表明,在工业化初期,丰富的自然资源通过初级产品贸易促进经济结构的非农化变迁,成为经济发展的资源福祉;而在工业化初期之后,丰富的自然资源则通过“荷兰病”等机制阻碍经济结构变迁,成为经济发展的资源诅咒。基于我国省际数据的统计分析显示,经济较为落后的省份表现为资源福祉,而经济较为发达的省份则遭遇资源诅咒,实证分析结果与理论框架的逻辑是一致的。通过对经济结构的动态监测,可以将对资源诅咒的事后监测转变为过程监测,以利于采取相应项措施避免资源诅咒;政府应致力于产业结构的高级化和合理化,资源丰富区域在资源福祉期应为经济结构转型升级做好准备。  相似文献   
70.
    
China has undergone a rapid epidemiological transition from infectious diseases to chronic diseases. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this paper documents the profile of chronic diseases among older Chinese people, estimates the impact of the onset of chronic diseases on the labor supply, and examines the correlation between the prevalence of chronic diseases, a household’s medical expenditure and the role of health insurance in reducing medical costs. Empirical results show that the prevalence of chronic diseases is extremely high among older Chinese people and increases sharply with age. We find significant negative effects from the onset of chronic diseases on an individual’s livelihood at work. The estimation results by age and education suggest that the labor supply of the older and more highly educated people is more sensitive to the onset of chronic diseases. We also show that there can be a substantial indirect loss of individual and household income due to the onset of chronic diseases by limiting the labor supply. We find that the prevalence of chronic diseases is significantly associated with higher out-of-pocket medical expenditure. The reduced-form estimation results suggest that people with insurance have lower medical expenditure caused by minor chronic diseases, but this is only the case for women and urban residents. However, health insurance contributes little in reducing medical expenditure caused by major chronic diseases.  相似文献   
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