中小股民投资收益结构的实证分析――以中小股民投资者为例

随着时代的发展,我国股市逐渐发展起来,越来越多的股民入股,但随着股市结构及政策的变化,我国的中小股民投资收益结构也发生了一定变化。本文通过对中小股民投资收益结构进行分析,研究我国股民的收益分类以及股民具体的构成,从而对我国的股民结构和公司结构进行深入研究,并且对于培养高水平且持续稳定的分红上市公司也有一定研究。     

The Informativeness of Dividends and Associated Tax Credits

This paper investigates the informativeness of dividends and the associated tax credits with respect to earnings persistence. After confirming that dividend‐paying firms have more persistent earnings than non‐dividend‐paying firms, we show that the taxation status of the dividend is also important. Firms that pay dividends with a full tax credit attached have significantly more persistent earnings than firms that pay dividends which carry no associated tax credit. Consistent with higher levels of tax credits identifying more mature firms, those paying dividends with full tax credits have significantly less persistent losses than firms that pay dividends with only partial tax credits. Further, market pricing tests confirm that the incremental information in dividends and tax credits contributes to reductions in market mispricing of the persistence of earnings and earnings components. Our results are robust to alternative model specifications and controlling for dividend size and firm age.     

Dividend taxation and household dividend portfolio decisions: evidence from the U.S. Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003

This study examines the dividend clientele hypothesis by focusing on the preferential tax treatment of qualified dividends provided by the 2003 Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (JGTRRA) in the United States. Using the Public Use Tax File data, the author finds that the ratios of dividends to long-term capital gains before the 2003 tax act significantly declined with household tax rate differentials between dividends and long-term capital gains, but such a negative tax effect on the ratios disappears afterwards. This seemingly tax-inefficient composition of dividends and long-term capital gains after the tax act arises from households’ ability to reduce their tax burdens on stocks by exploiting the new preferential tax treatments on qualified dividends under JGTRRA. That is, households in the upper tax bracket hold significantly greater shares of qualified dividends relative to ordinary dividends after the tax act.     

Convergence rates of recombining trees for pricing options on stocks under GBM and regime-switching models with known cash dividends

In the literature there appear various kinds of binomial trees for pricing options on stocks under geometric Brownian motions (GBMs) with known cash dividends. The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of the existing binomial trees in aspect of the convergence rates, which are usually used to measure precisely how fast the approximate values converge to the exact one, and to give a theoretical proof of the convergence rates for the interpolation binomial trees which are based on a model that excludes the arbitrage possibilities. Also the paper extends the studies to the regime-switching models with known cash dividend payment.     

货币政策不确定性与企业现金持有——现金股利视角的新解释

研究利用中国A股上市公司样本,系统探讨了货币政策不确定性对企业现金持有策略的影响.研究发现:随着货币政策不确定性的提高,企业现金持有水平降低.深入研究发现货币政策不确定性对企业现金持有策略的影响主要通过现金股利渠道发挥作用,即在货币政策不确定性较高时期,企业持有的现金更多用于支持现金股利分配,籍此向市场传递积极信号.进一步研究排除了投资机会与代理成本等潜在干扰因素的影响,并且结合产权性质差异的分析发现货币政策不确定性对于非国有企业现金持有策略的影响更为明显.研究一方面基于不确定性视角为货币政策如何影响企业现金管理策略提出了新解释——现金股利渠道,有助于更好地理解我国上市公司的现金持有策略;另一方面也说明货币政策频繁调整所导致的货币政策不确定性很可能是加剧实体经济经营风险的宏观诱因.     

送转行为、年报绩效信息与融资约束

基于我国上市公司数据,运用实证研究方法发现,送转行为是上市公司信息传递的有效机制,它有助于缓解我国上市公司由于管理者与其他利益相关者之间的信息不对称所造成的公司融资约束问题,特别是对于那些上年年报财务绩效不十分理想的受融资约束的公司,送转行为对缓解融资约束效果更为突出。我国上市公司的送转行为并非完全出于对市场投资者的迎合,而是一种有效的信号传递方式。在运用Heckman两步法控制了样本自选择问题之后,文章所得研究结论仍然成立。     

Nasdaq ex‐day behavior: An out‐of‐sample test

We test various explanations of the ex‐dividend day price anomaly using Nasdaq‐listed firms. Similar to NYSE‐listed firms, on average the prices of Nasdaq‐listed firms drop by less than the dividend amount. However, the average Nasdaq price‐drop is substantially smaller than what existing theories would predict and translates to an imputed dividend tax rate that is double the maximum tax rate. We thus find little support for the tax hypothesis. We also find little support for the short‐term trading hypothesis and various other explanations. The significant disconnect we document between Nasdaq dividends and price changes seems to support the “free dividends fallacy.”     

The Garman-Ohlson Structural System

The Garman-Ohlson structural model assumes the evolution of corporate earnings, dividends and book values are generated by a simultaneous equation system which links financial statement information to underlying equity value. However, little is known about the consistency of empirical outcomes with the model's underlying analytical properties. A continuous time interpretation of the model implies that solutions fall into one of three categories: (i) all eigenvalues of the structural model are real and distinct; (ii) some eigenvalues may be complex, and (iii) there are repeated eigenvalues. Maximum likelihood techniques can be used to estimate structural models and likelihood ratio tests can then be used to assess the validity of alternative specifications. We demonstrate both likelihood procedures by applying them to a sample of 214 UK companies covering the twenty one year period ending in 1994.     

Do Leverage,Dividend Payout,and Ownership Concentration Influence Firms' Value Creation? An Analysis of Brazilian Firms

This study uses a sample of 213 Brazilian firms listed between 1995 and 2004 to examine the effect of the presence or absence of growth opportunities on the subsequent effect of leverage, dividend payout, and ownership concentration on firm value. First, we find that leverage plays a dual role: whereas it negatively affects the value of firms with growth opportunities (i.e., underinvestment theory), it positively affects the value of firms without growth opportunities (i.e., overinvestment theory). Second, we find that dividends play a disciplinary role in firms with fewer growth opportunities by reducing free cash flow under managerial control. Finally, the results show that ownership structure has a nonlinear effect—that is, ownership concentration initially improves the value of most firms. However, after a certain threshold, in firms with growth opportunities, the risk increases that large shareholders expropriate wealth at the expense of minority shareholders.